FIREPRGOFIN 


RODUGTS 


FOR  MODERN  BUILDINGS 


. ■■■■..'M 

PENN  METAL  C  O  M  P  A  N  Y 


201  DEVONSHIRE  ST^  BOSTON,  MASS. 


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PENCO  PRODUCTS 

(FIREPROOFING  DEPARTMENT) 


COPYRIGHT  1913. 
PENN  METAL  CO. 


Plaster  Reinforcement 


METAL  LATH 

METAL  CORNER  BEAD 

METAL  STUD 


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Concrete  Reinforcement 


TRIANGLE  MESH 
EXPANDED  METAL 
SELF  SENTERING 
TRUSSIT 


NEW  ENGLAND  SALES  OFFICES 


PENN  METAL  COMPANY 

Boston  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company  Building 
201  DEVONSHIRE  STREET 
Rooms  402  to  407 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


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PAGE  1 


'Penn  Metal  Company' 


To  the  Man  who  Builds. 


MODERN  FIREPROOFING 

PENCO  PRODUCTS. 

Series  12. 


HIS  is  the  age  of  fireproof  construction— of  STEEL  and  IRON  construction. 

When  fire  guts  a  modern  building  the  loss  is  comparatively  small  if  the  walls  remain 
sound  and  intact ;  and  it  is,  therefore,  of  greatest  importance  that  the  walls  be  construct¬ 
ed  of  fireproof  material  throughout. 

The  use  of  metal  lath  goes  a  long  way  toward  making  a  building  fireproof.  The  space 
between  the  studs,  if  faced  on  the  two  long  sides  with  seasoned  wood  lath,  acts  as  a  flue,  and  mice  and 
matches  frequently  start  a  fire.  With  metal  lath  the  mice,  in  the  first  place,  cannot  get  through  the 
wall,  and,  in  the  second  place,  there  isn’t  fuel  enough  to  start  a  fire  if  they  did.  With  fire  once  started  in 
a  room,  a  partition  lathed  with  wood  has  too  much  kindling  about  it  to  afford  much  resistance,  but  a 
metal  lathed  partition,  even  if  the  studs  are  wood,  will  hold  the  fire  for  a  considerable  time. 

Even  the  best  wood  lath  will  shrink  and  swell  somewhat  with  changes  of  moisture  in  the  room.  The 
key  on  wood  lath  is  comparatively  far  apart,  and  the  plaster  depends  in  a  large  degree  on  its  adhesion  to 
the  wood.  As  the  mortar  is  absolutely  inelastic,  the  continual  working  of  the  lath,  even  though  the 
movement  is  only  microscopic,  in  time  breaks  this  adhesion,  while  the  occasional  swelling  of  the  wood 
pinches  the  key  and  breaks  it.  We,  therefore,  find  large  areas  of  plaster  on  wood  lath  coming  loose, 
particularly  on  the  ceilings  of  kitchens  or  bath  rooms  where  occasionally  exposed  to  steam,  or  in  situa¬ 
tions  where  the  floor  above  is  sometimes  wet. 

Such  trouble  never  occurs  when  Penco  Metal  Lath  is  used.  The  key  is  continuous  over  the  entire 
back  of  the  wall.  Expansion  is  only  due  to  temperature,  and  the  rate  is  the  same  as  for  the  plaster. 
Even  the  unequal  settlement  of  the  building  will  not,  except  in  extreme  cases,  cause  the  plaster  to  show 
cracks.  This  is  because  the  metal,  being  lapped  on  the  edges  and  at  the  ends,  acts  as  a  continuous  re-in- 
forcement  throughout  the  whole  wall,  and  the  tendency  to  crack  is,  therefore,  not  localized,  but  is 
distributed  evenly;  and  the  resultant  cracks  are,  therefore,  so  small  as  to  be  invisible. 


Falling  Plaster  is  not  Possible 
with 

Penco  Metal  Lath. 


PAGE  2 


y 

201  'De'Vonshire  Streets  'Boston,  Mass. 


An  Unusual  Test. 

Fire  tests  of  building  materials  have  been  held 
many  times  by  underwriters  and  manufacturers,  and 
such  tests,  incited  largely  by  commercial  motives, 
have  become  quite  common,  but  the  tests  described 
are  most  unusual,  from  the  fact  that  they  were  con¬ 
ducted  at  the  request  of  an  association  of  men  who 
gave  the  test  an  entirely  different  aspect — The  Lath¬ 
ing  Contractors  Association  of  Cleveland.  At  their 
request.  Building  Inspector  V.  D.  Allen,  of  Cleve¬ 
land,  appointed  the  following  committee  to  super¬ 
vise,  examine  and  make  a  detailed  report  of  the 
results:  L.  H.  Miller,  of  Bethlehem  Steel  Company; 
Prof.  J.  H.  Nelson,  of  Case  School,  and  W.  S.  Lou- 
gee.  Architect. 

The  tests  were  conducted  on  June  28  and  29,  1912, 
in  a  specially  prepared  laboratory,  at  7500  jEtna 
Road,  S.  E.,  Cleveland.  No  pains  were  spared  to 
make  the  test  furnace  as  complete  as  possible,  and 
the  equipment  was  pronounced  by  authorities  pres¬ 
ent  as  the  most  complete  ever  prepared  for  this 
purpose. 

Six  concrete  furnaces  were  built  in  a  circle,  with 
their  huge  doors  facing  out — these  doors,  about  7  ft. 
X  10  ft,  comprising  the  partitions  to  be  tested.  Built 
into  heavy  steel  frames,  the  partitions  approximated, 
as  nearly  as  possible,  actual  building  conditions. 
Within  the  circle  formed  by  these  furnaces,  were 
the  heating  coils  through  which  oil  was  forced  to  feed 
the  flames.  Also,  from  here  through  mica-covered 
peep  holes  in  the  massive  concrete  walls,  the  action 
of  the  Are  on  the  inner  side  of  the  doors  could  be 
seen  during  the  test. 

Heat  was  furnished  by  oil  burners,  kept  ignited 
from  gas  burners.  The  conditions  of  the  test  pro¬ 
vided  that  each  partition  should  be  under  fire  for  a 
period  of  two  hours,  with  heat  averaging  1,700  de¬ 
grees  after  the  first  30  minutes.  The  tests  were 
carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  specifications 
adopted  by  the  American  Society  for  Testing  Mate¬ 
rials. 

The  test  was  unique  again,  in  that  probably  more 
prominent  men  interested  in  fireproof  construction 
were  present  than  at  any  similar  test  ever  held. 
These  included  representatives  from  the  U.  S.  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Standards  at  Washington,  from  the  Boston 
Manufacturers’  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company, 
from  Columbia  University  at  New  York,  from  the 
National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  Building  Com¬ 
missioners  from  the  larger  cities  of  the  country, 
prominent  architects,  representatives  of  the  promi¬ 
nent  trade  and  technical  journals;  in  fact,  an  assem¬ 
bly  representing  the  country’s  biggest  and  brainiest 
men  in  the  building  line;  men  whose  chief  interest 
is  the  conservation  of  life  and  property,  whose  aim 
is  to  build  wisely  and  well.  The  tests  define  sharp¬ 
ly  certain  lines  which  have  been  long  in  dispute,  and 
these  men  went  away  unanimous  in  their  enthusiasm 
as  to  the  merits  of  metal  lath  construction. 


Metal  Lath  on  Wooden  Studding. 

Record  of  Construction  : 

Erected  and  Plastered  under  the  Direction  of  the 
Committee,  between  May  2,  1912,  and  May  8,  1912. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

STUDDING.— The  studs  to  which  the  metal  lath  is  to  be 
applied  shall  be  2  in.  x  4  in.  well  seasoned  Norway  pine,  set  12  in. 
center  to  center,  well  nailed  top  and  bottom,  to  a  plate  and  sill  of 
the  same  sized  material,  all  to  be  lathed  on  both  sides. 

GROUNDS.— To  be  %  in.  thick. 

METAL  LATH. — All  lath  used  in  this  work  to  be  24  grange 
expanded  metal  lath,  painted  both  sides,  and  weighing  not  less 
than  3  pounds  per  square  yard. 

NAILING.— This  lath  is  to  be  nailed  to  the  stud  with  1  in.  No. 
14  gauge  staples  every  4  in.  Each  sheet  of  lath  should  lap  the 
other  sheet  at  least  1  in.  along  both  the  vertical  and  horizontal 
joints. 

JOINTS.  — Care  must  be  taken  to  break  joints  in  each  course. 

PLASTERING.— The  First  (Scratch)  Coat  shall  be  1  part 
Portland  Cement,  1-10  part  hydrated  lime,  and  214  parts  clean, 
sharp  sand.  Add  about  I  pound  of  long  cattle  hair  per  bag  of 
cement  used.  Roughen  the  surface  of  first  coat  by  scratching 
diagonally  in  both  directions. 

The  Second  (Brown)  Coat  should  be  of  the  same  mixture  as 
the  first  coat  with  the  hair  omitted,  and  should  be  applied  to  the 
first  coat  after  the  latter  has  hardened  sufficiently,  but  before  it 
has  become  dry. 

Immediately  before  the  application  of  the  second  coat  or  any 
subsequent  coat,  the  preceding  coat  should  be  well  drenched  with 
water,  applied  with  a  brush  or  thru  a  hose  provided  with  sprink¬ 
ler  nozzle.  Bring  to  a  true  and  even  surface  within  Vs  in.  to  3-16 
in.  of  the  face  of  the  grounds.  After  this  coat  has  been  darbied 
and  straightened  in  all  directions,  lightly  scratch  the  same  with 
a  scratcher. 

The  Finish  Coat  should  be  1  part  Portland  Cement  and  214 
parts  of  clean,  sharp  sand.  After  the  Brown  Coat  has  set  firm 
and  hard,  but  while  still  green  (within  12  hours  after  the  wall  has 
been  browned  out),  apply  a  finish  coat  of  the  above  mixture  with 
a  trowel,  and  float  it  with  a  cork  or  carpet  float  to  a  true  and  even 
granular  surface. 


The  Test. 

This  partition,  while  of  a  type  seldom  recommended  as  abso¬ 
lutely  fireproof,  showed  remarkable  results  under  test. 

After  two  hours  of  firing  with  temperature  averaging  over 
1,700  degrees,  and  at  times  ranging  as  high  as  1,912  degrees,  but 
one  large  crack  showed  on  the  outside  of  the  door,  and  from  this 
smoke  came  from  the  burning  wood  studs. 

When  the  door  was  opened,  however,  while  there  were  several 
vertical  and  lateral  cracks,  the  metal  lath  was  still  holding  the 
plaster  in  place,  as  shown  by  the  photograph  at  top  of  this  page. 

Water  was  immediately  turned  on  the  partition  from  a  IVn 
nozzle,  with  full  hydrant  pressure,  from  a  distance  of  20  ft.  for  214 
minutes.  At  the  end  of  this  time,  the  finish  coat  of  plaster  was 
gone,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  second  coat,  and  small  spots  of 
even  the  first  coat*  No  water  came  through  the  wall,  however, 
and  the  partition  did  not  fail  at  any  point.  This  was  a  remarka¬ 
ble  demonstration  of  the  holding  power  of  metal  lath,  even  under 
the  most  unfavorable  conditions. 


PAGE  3 


Venn  Metal  Company' 


2-Inch  Solid  Metal  Lath. 

Record  of  Construction  : 

Erected  and  Plastered  under  the  Direction  of  the 

Committee,  between  May  2,  1912,  and  May  8,  1912. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

Studding. — The  Channel  Iron  used  in  this  work 
shall  be  £  in.,  a  channel  formed  up  from  steel  No.  16 
gauge  or  heavier,  weighing  not  less  than  .276  lbs.  per 
linear  foot.  Tbe  channel  studding  is  to  be  set  12  in. 
center  to  center,  well  secured  top  and  bottom  to  the 
construction.  Temporarily  brace  partitions  between 
ceiling  and  floor,  which  brace  shall  remain  until 
after  the  scratch  coat  has  set. 

Lath. — All  lath  used  in  this  work  to  be  24  gauge 
expanded  metal  latb,  painted  both  sides  and  weigh¬ 
ing  not  less  than  3  lbs.  per  sq.  yd.  This  partition  to 
be  lathed  on  one  side  only.  This  lath  is  to  be  sewed 
to  the  channel  iron  with  No.  18  gauge  annealed  gal¬ 
vanized  tie  wire.  One  tie  every  4  in.  vertical,  and 
one  tie  between  each  stud  or  vertical  channel.  Each 
tie  to  receive  two  twists.  The  sheets  of  lath  are  to 
lock,  or  to  lap  at  least  1  in.  all  edges. 

Plastering.— Same  as  under  Metal  Lath  on  Wood 
Studding,  except  that  it  is  back -plastered  to  make 
a  solid  2  in.  partition. 

Grounds. — |  in.  on  lathed  side,  and  J  in.  on  oppo¬ 
site  side. 


The  Test. 

This  partition  developed  the  most  surprising  resist¬ 
ance  to  the  Are.  For  the  entire  two  hours  it  stood 
with  no  outward  sign  of  the  fierce  flames  beating 
against  the  inner  side,  though  the  heat  ranged  as 
high  as  1,929  degrees  at  times.  From  one  section 
the  plaster  fell  early  in  the  test,  due  to  steam  gen¬ 
erated  from  moisture  where  the  wall  had  not  thor¬ 
oughly  dried.  Diagonal  cracks  also  appeared,  but  no 
smoke  came  from  them  and  it  was  the  consensus  of 
opinion  that  these  also  were  caused  by  the  “green¬ 
ness”  of  the  partition.  When  the  door  was  opened, 
as  shown  in  photograph  at  top  of  this  page,  the  wall 
was  absolutely  intact,  even  to  the  finish  coat,  and 
showed  no  signs  of  the  intense  heat  to  which  it 
had  been  subjected,  with  the  exception  of  a  smoke 
begrimed  spot  at  the  bottom.  When  water  was  ap¬ 
plied,  as  in  the  previous  tests,  the  finish  coat  came  olf 
in  spots,  as  did  also  the  second  coat  to  a  small  extent. 
The  first  coat  remained  firmly  in  place,  except  in  one 
small  section  about  3  in.  by  8  in.  where  the  metal  lath 
was  slightly  exposed.  No  smoke,  steam  or  water 
came  through  the  wall,  and  it  seemed  ready  to  stand 
another  two  hours’  heat. 


Wood  Lath  on  Wood  Studding. 

Record  of  Construction  : 

Erected  and  Plastered  under  the  Direction  of  the 

Committee,  between  May  2,  1912,  and  May  8, 1912. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

Studding. — To  be  2  in.  x  4  in.  well  seasoned  Norway 
pine  set  16  in.  center  to  center,  well  nailed  top  and 
bottom  to  a  plate  and  sill  of  the  same  material,  all 
to  be  lathed  on  both  sides. 

Grounds. — To  be  I  in.  thick. 

Wood  Lath.— All  lath  to  be  used  in  the  work  are 
to  be  the  best  quality  of  No.  1  White  Pine  lath. 
These  lath  are  to  be  laid  up  |  in.  apart  and  six  to  a 
break,  and  to  have  six  nails  to  each  lath,  two  nails 
in  the  ends,  and  one  to  each  intermediate  stud.  All 
lath  to  be  well  soaked  in  water  before  being  used. 

Plastering. — As  soon  as  possible  after  the  lathing 
is  done,  brown  out  the  walls  with  a  brown  coat  of 
U.  S.  Gypsum  Co.’s  or  equal  prepared  hard  wall 
plaster  specially  prepared  and  well  fibered  for  wood 
lath  work.  This  coat  to  be  screened  and  rodded  in 
all  directions. 

Finish  Coat. — Sand  Finish.  Within  12  hours  after 
the  wall  has  been  browned  out,  and  while  still  green, 
apply  a  finish  coat  of  prepared  lime  sand  finish. 
This  coat  to  be  well  floated,  using  plenty  of  water 
in  tbe  operation. 


PAGE  4 


201  TyenJonshire  Streets  'Boston,  Mass 


The  Test. 

The  wood  lath  partition  is»  of  course,  not  intended  to  be  fire¬ 
proof  and  it  was  tested  merely  to  show  how  little  resistance  it 
does  afford  the  flames,  and  to  justify  building  inspectors  in  the 
stand  they  have  taken  against  it  in  the  fire  zone. 

One  hour  and  twenty-one  minutes  after  the  fire  was  started, 
the  maximum  heat  having  been  1,865  degrees,  the  partition  had 
failed  to  all  intents  and  purposes.  The  inner  side  was  completely 
gone,  the  studs  were  burnt  away,  and  all  that  remained  was  the 
thin,  outer  shell  of  plaster,  badly  cracked  and  showing  flames  and 
smoke  through  large  apertures.  The  fire  was  allowed  to 
burn  the  full  two  hours,  however,  and,  as  shown  by  photo¬ 
graph  on  opposite  page,  a  large  section  of  the  wall  gave  away  en¬ 
tirely  before  the  door  was  opened.  The  slight  jar  in  opening  the 
door  caused  still  more  of  the  partition  to  fall — see  photograph  at 
top  of  this  page— and  when  the  water  had  been  turned  on  the  lit¬ 
tle  that  remained  of  the  panel  for  the  required  two  and  one-half 
minutes,  nothing  was  left  but  the  steel  frame  in  which  the  part¬ 
ition  was  built. 


Panel  No.  6. 

Plasterboard  on  Wood  Studding. 

Record  of  Construction  : 

Erected  and  Plastered  under  the  the  Direction  of  the 
Committee,  between  May  2,  1912,  and  May  8,  1912. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

STUDDING. — The  studs  shall  be  2  in.  x  4  in.  well  seasoned 
Norway  pine,  set  16  in.  center  to  center,  well  nailed  top  and  bot¬ 
tom  to  a  plate  and  sill  of  the  same  size. 

GROUNDS.— To  be  %  in.  thick. 

PLASTER  BOARD.— The  plaster  board  shall  be  -Is  in.  thick, 
weighing  not  less  than  2  lbs.  per  sq.  ft.  The  boards  must  be 
spaced  not  less  than  14  in.  apart  on  all  sides,  and  each  edge  must 
have  a  bearing  on  the  stud  of  not  less  than  %  in. 

NAILING.— First  nail  the  entire  middle  of  the  board  and  then 
the  outer  edges,  using  114  No.  10  gauge,  7-16  head,  wire  nails,  set 
4  in.  apart,  with  each  nail  driven  firm  and  tight. 

JOINTS,— Joints  must  be  broken  horizontally,  and  perpen¬ 
dicular  joints  must  not  come  on  the  same  stud  on  opposite  side  of 
partitions. 

DO  NOT  WET  BOARDS.— Care  must  be  taken  that  the 
plaster  board  is  not  wet  before  the  application  of  the  plaster. 

PLASTERING.— To  be  United  States  Gypsum  Co.’s  Imperial 
Prepared  Plaster  or  equal. 

BROWN  COAT.— First  thoroughly  fill  the  joints  between 
the  boards,  using  the  above  material.  Follow  this  up  with  a 
brown  coat  of  about  %  in.  thick  of  the  above  materials,  carefully 
laid  on  with  darby  to  a  straight  and  even  surface. 

FINISH  COAT.— After  the  brown  coat  has  set  firm  and  hard, 
but  while  still  green  (within  12  hours  after  the  base  coat  has  been 
applied)  lay  on  a  finish  coat  of  United  States  Gypsum  Co.’s  Pre¬ 
pared  Sand  Float  Finish,  or  equal.  This  material  is  to  be  laid  on 
with  a  trowel  and  floated  with  a  cork  or  carpet  float,  to  a  true 
and  even  granular  surface,  using  as  little  water  as  possible  in 
floating. 


The  Test. 

The  plaster  board  partition  was  tested  because  of  oft  repeated 
but  unsubstantiated  claims  as  to  its  fire  protective  value,  and  the 
results  justified  the  fears  that  it  has  been  greatly  over-rated. 

Showing  up,  as  it  did,  to  even  less  advantage  than  the  wood 
lath  partition,  the  possibility  of  its  being  even  fire-resisting,  was 
settled  once  and  for  all. 

The  temperature  for  this  test  was  much  lower  than  the  pre¬ 
vious  ones— the  highest  point  reached  being  1,562  degrees,  and  yet 
at  the  end  of  74  minutes  the  panel  had  failed  to  such  an  extent 
that  it  was  necessary  to  turn  off  the  fire.  The  photograph  on  the 
opposite  page  shows  the  condition  of  the  partition  at  this  stage. 
When  the  door  was  swung  open,  the  greater  part  of  the  partition 
fell,  as  indicated  in  photograph  at  top  of  this  page;  and  after  the 
water  was  applied,  practically  nothing  remained  but  the  steel 
frame.  The  photograph  at  the  bottom  of  this  page  shows  this 
stage  of  the  test,  the  picture  being  taken  from  the  outside,  show¬ 
ing  the  piles  of  ashes  left  in  the  furnace  from  the  burned  plaster 
board  before  the  door  was  opened. 


PAGE  5 


'Penn  Metal  Company^ 


HAMPTON  IRON 

AMPTON  EXPANDED  METAL  LATH  is  manufactured  from  a  sheet  processed  by  our  own  formula  to 
successfully  resist  the  corrosive  conditions  in  many  of  the  brands  of  so-called  hard  plaster. 

^  When  metal  lath  was  first  placed  on  the  market,  the  hair  mortar  and  lime  were  excellent  protectors 
for  the  steel ;  but  conditions  have  changed  on  inside  plastering,  and  the  manufacturer  as  well  as  the  architect 
has  been  confronted  with  the  steel  in  hard  plaster  problem.  Moisture  reaching  the  large  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  calcium  that  is  found  in  all  hard  plasters,  forms  a  chemical  action  which  is  very  much  the  same  as  sulphuric 
acid,  and  in  consequence  the  steel  in  time  becomes  entirely  absorbed.  Galvanizing,  while  a  splendid  protection  in  many 
cases,  corrodes  rapidly  when  put  to  an  acid  test. 

We  have  spent  over  a  year  in  experimenting  with  all  forms  of  metals  that  would  best  answer  this  difficult  question  of 
corrosion,  and  we  can  now  place  before  you  a  metal  lath  that  will  best  withstand  corrosion  in  hard  plaster. 

^  During  the  experimental  stage  of  Hampton  metal,  we  had  occasion  to  make  many  interesting  tests,  both  for  outside 
work  in  all  weather  conditions,  and  chemical  tests  for  inside  plaster.  These  chemical  tests  are  of  most  interest,  for  they  bring 
us  into  close  touch  with  conditions  found  in  very  nearly  all  plaster  that  is  used  in  the  average  building.  To  best  get  these  re¬ 
sults  :  Take  a  25%  solution  of  sulphuric  acid,  made  up  three  parts  water  and  one  part  sulphuric  acid.  Put  the  water  first  into 

a  jar ;  then  put  in  the  acid  and  stir  rapidly  while  the 
acid  is  being  poured.  Then  let  cool  until  it  becomes  an 
even  temperature  with  the  room.  Put  in  a  sample  of 
Hampton  Metal  Lath  and  any  steel  lath.  Allow  to  stand 
about  four  or  five  hours,  and  note  results. 

^  Let  us  send  you  a  sample,  and  try  out  this  most 
interesting  test. 

Hampton  Expanded  Metal  Lath  will  be  furnished 
painted  a  special  color  to  distinguish  it  from  other  laths, 
and  will  be  sold  at  a  price  no  greater  than  any  coated 
steel  lath  of  a  similar  gauge  or  grade. 

^  Hampton  Metal  will  be  carried  in  stock,  not 
only  in  Boston,  but  by  our  distributing  agents  in 
Springfield,  Mass.,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  Providence, 

R.  1. 

Q  By  specifying  Hampton  Expanded  Metal  Lath, 
you  practically  guarantee  your  client  50%  longer  life 
for  his  ceilings  and  metal  lath  partitions,  and  at  no 

BAXTER  BUILDING.  PORTLAND.  ME.  greater  COSt. 

20.000  Sq.  Yds.  PENCO  METAL  LATH  and  10.000  Ft. 

CORNER  BEAD  used  in  this  building.  _  _ _ 


HAMPTON  IRON  STEEL 

Above  shows  result  of  24-hour  Sulphuric  Acid  test, 
26^  solution. 

Steel  shows  a  loss  of  50^.  Hampton  Iron  a  loss  of  19(. 


201  'Dc'Vonshire  Street,  'Boston,  Mass 


PENCO  EXPANDED  METAL  LATH. 


MERCHANTS’  BANK,  State  St.,  Boston. 

Shepley,  Rutan  &  Coolidge,  Architects. 

TRIANGLE  MESH  in  concrete  floors  and  roof. 

PENCO  METAL  LATH  and  PENCO  METAL  FURRING  in  walls  and 

ceilings. 

METAL  CORNER  BEADS  in  all  corners. 


PROTECTION  against  fire  is  the  first  important  advantage  of  Penco  Expanded  Lath,  but  by 
no  means  the  last.  Rats  and  mice  cannot  gnaw  through  metal  lath  ;  cannot  weaken  the 
wall  or  infest  the  building.  Vermin  finds  no  lodging  in  metal  lath  as  in  wood. 

Penn  Metal  Lath  does  not  absorb  moisture  and  swell,  warp,  bulge  or  stain  the  plaster.  The 
use  of  Penco  Lath  does  away  with  many  of  the  common  plaster  troubles. 

The  key  or  bond  of  Penco  Lath  is  the  most  perfect  yet  devised,  and  yields  results  not  obtaina¬ 
ble  with  any  other  metal  lath  on  the  market.  A  superior  bond  with  plaster  is  accomplished  by 
means  of  the  special  slanting  strand,  and  the  slant  in  the  bond  between  the  meshes. 

Penco  Metal  Lath  is  not  merely  a  background,  but  a  thorough  reinforcement  to  the  plaster 
which  completely  surrounds  the  metal,  leaving  no  chance  for  exposure  to  rust  or  heat. 


PENCO  DIAMOND  C  EXPANDED  LATH. 

Sheets  24  in.  x  96  in.  Packed  15  sheets,  27  yards  to  a  bundle. 
24  Gauge*  weight  3  pounds  to  square  yard. 

26  Gauge*  weight  2  1-2  pounds  to  square  yard. 

27  Gauge,  weight  2  1-4  pounds  to  square  yard. 


Furnished  Galvanized  or  coated  with  Asphaltum  Paint,  also  made  from  non-corrosive  Hampton 
Iron. 

Note  particularly  the  new  width  of  24  in.  on  Penco  Lath.  This  means:  FIRST— Three  sheets 
24  in.  wide  can  be  placed  as  quickly  as  three  of  18  in.  and  will  cover  33%  more  wall  surface. 
SECOND— There  are  33%  less  ties  to  make.  THIRD— And  with  33%  fewer  laps,  there  will  be  a 
big  saving  in  amount  required.  RESULT:  less  time,  less  material— money  saved. 


PAGE  7 


Venn  Metal  Company' 


PETER  BRIGHAM  HOSPITALS,  BOSTON.  MASS. 

Codman  &  Despradelle,  Architects.  Wells  Bros.,  Builders. 

300.000  Sq.  Ft.  TRIANGLE  MESH  used  in  flooring.  HERRINGBONE  "A"  LATH  specified 

and  placed  in  all  ceilings. 


B.  &  A.  R.  R.  WORCESTER  UNION  STATION-INTERIOR. 

A  splendid  example  of  interior  decoration  on  Penco  Metal  Lath. 

AH  roofs  concrete  on  “Trussit”  metal.  200,000  sq.  ft.  Penco  Metal  Lath,  Penco  Channels  and 

Metal  Corner  Beads  used  here. 


PAGE  8 


KEITH'S  THEATRE,  PORTLAND.  ME. 

Example  of  Metal  Lath  for  Interior  Work.  All  Plaster  and  Stucco 
Work,  Columns,  etc.,  on  Penco  Expanded  Metal  Lath. 


BOSTON  YOUNG  MEN’S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  BUILDING. 
Woodbury  6c  Leighton  Co.,  Builders.  Shepley,  Rutan  6c  Coolidge,  Architects. 

225,000  sq.  ft.  Penco  Metal  Lath  used  here.  Metal  Corner  Bead,  and  over  100,000  line  feet  of 

Penco  Furring  Stud. 


201  De-Vonshire  Street,  "Boston,  Mass. 


Herringbone  Expanded 
Metal  Lath. 


(PATENTED) 

Style  “BB” 

Sheets  20j  x  96  in.  -  -  Ij  square  yards 

Size  of  mesh  -  -  -  7-32  in.  x  Ig  in. 

Packed  15  sheets  (22|  sq.  yards) 
to  the  bundle. 


WELLESLEY  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

All  ceilings  and  walls  plastered  on  HERRINGBONE 
METAL  LATH, 


(PATENTED) 


Style  “A” 

Sheets  14  in.  x  96  in.  .  .  1  square  yard 

Size  of  mesh  .  .  .  3-16  in.  x  1  in. 

□ 

Weight  Per  Square  Yard 

Style  “A”  . 3  lbs. 

Packed  20  sheets  (20  sq.  yards) 
to  the  bundle. 


There  is  a  series  of  heavy  ribs  in 
“Herringbone”  length-wise  of  the  sheet. 
These  ribs  rest  with  the  lower  edge  against  the 
studding  or  furring,  and  hold  the  lath  rigid, 
so  that  it  does  not  buckle  or  “belly.”  This 
saves  labor,  material,  temper  and  money. 

The  small  cross  ribs  are  twisted  to  present 
a  flat  surface  to  the  trowel,  spreading  the  mor¬ 
tar  instead  of  cutting  it,  and  causing  them  to  be 
completely  enveloped,  preventing  corrosion,  and 
forming  a  key  that  is  perfect. 

□ 


Copley-Plaza  Hotel,  Boston,  Mass.  Henry  J,  Hardenbergh,  Archt. 
HERRINGBONE  “A”  LATH  used  THROUGHOUT. 


This  is  the  only  lath  made  which  is  partic¬ 
ularly  designed  to  meet  the  trying  conditions 
ever-present  in  ceiling  work.  Its  wide  strands 
and  small  mesh  prevent  the  plaster  from  drop¬ 
ping  off  when  applied,  while  its  peculiar  con¬ 
struction,  together  with  its  extra  heavy  weight, 
afford  the  rigidity  necessary  to  support  the 
weight  of  the  plaster  without  danger  of  sag¬ 
ging  between  the  studs. 

It  is  equally  suitable  for  all  classes  of  work. 


PAGE  9 


'Penn  Metal  Companjr 


HE  stucco  house,  with  a  construction  which  the  best  architectural  and  mechanical  practice  offers,  looks 
when  new  as  substantial  as  brick,  stone  or  solid  concrete;  it  does  not  fail  perceptibly  from  year  to  year, 
but  ages  slowly  and  gracefully. 

The  wooden  building  must  be  repainted  or  otherwise  repaired  at  regular  intervals  to  keep  it  tight 
and  sound;  even  masonry  buildings  need  repointing  of  the  mortar  joints. 

Stucco  compared  with  brick  is  rapid  in  construction;  the  walls  are  excellent  non-conductors  of  heat  and  cold,  they 
are  dry  and  they  are  lasting.  They  are  permanently  self-colored,  not  becoming  shabby  but  mellowed  by  age, 
saving  not  only  the  first  cost  of  painting,  but  the  cost  of  repainting,  which  is  a  large  item  in  the 
life  of  a  wooden  house.  To  determine  the  relative  cost  of  various  kinds  of  residence  buildings,  an  association 
of  manufacturers  last  year  secured  bona  fide  bids  on  a  series  of  houses,  each  one  exactly  like  the  others  in  every  par¬ 
ticular  except  the  outer  walls,  which  were  to  be  con¬ 
structed  of  the  several  materials  to  be  compared.  A 
little  modern  eight-room  house  of  good  design  and  ex¬ 
cellent  arrangement  was  chosen,  the  original  having 
been  actually  built  near  Boston.  The  average  figures 
taken  from  five  sets  of  bids  were  as  follows: 

□ 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the  house  with  the 
outer  walls  of  stucco  on  metal  lath  may  cost  only  2.9 
per  cent  more  than  the  ordinary  clapboard  house.  An¬ 
other  consideration  that  is  worth  while  is  the  protection  afforded  by  stucco  against  external  hazard  from  fire. 

Cement  stucco  on  metal  lath  applied  to  wood  studding  has  withstood  fire  and  water  under  tests  so  severe  as  to 
justify  saying  it  will  preclude  all  possibility  of  the  spread  of  a  fire  such  as  might  reach  residence  district,  provided,  of 
course,  that  the  roof  is  covered  with  non-combustible  roofing. 


Type 

Description 

Aveage  Bid 

Percent- 

Excess  age  excess 
over  clap-  over  clap¬ 
boards  boards 

No.  1. 
No.  2. 

Clapboard  . 

Shingle . 

$6,759.65 

6,868.80 

$108.85 

1.6 

No.  3. 

10-inch  brick  wall — hollow  . 

7,372.48 

612.53 

9.1 

No.  4. 

12-inch  brick  wall— solid  .  . 

7,641.00 

881.05 

13.0 

No.  5. 

Stucco  on  hollow  block  .  . 

7,187.65 

427.70 

6.3 

No.  6. 

Brick  veneer  on  hollow  block 

7,483.16 

723.21 

10.7 

No.  7. 

Stucco  on  metal  lath  .  .  . 

6,952.90 

192.95 

2.9 

No.  8. 

Brick  veneer  on  boarding 

7,226.44 

466.49 

6.9 

No.  9. 

Brick  veneer  on  studding 

7,153.98 

394.03 

5.8 

PAGE  lO 


201  De'Vonshire  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


EXAMPLES  of 

Several  Different  kinds  0/ Residences. 


STUCCOED  on 

Pence  atid  .Herringbone  Expanded 
Metal  Lath. 


PAGE  11 


'Penn  Metal  Company^ 


The  following  specification  of  a  typical  exterior  used  as  the 
basis  for  stucco  construction,  if  followed  carefully  will  give  one  a 
building  economical  and  enduring  in  any  habitable  climate : — 


Residence  as  it  appeared  before  overcoating. 

Furring. — Use  painted  steel  rods  or  painted  crimped  furring.  One-quarter 
inch  is  best,  and  it  should  not  be  over  one-half  inch  at  the  most.  This  furring 
is  to  be  applied  along  the  face  of  the  studding  with  galvanized  staples. 

Insulation. —After  the  lath  on  the  outside  has  been  back  plastered,  the  air 
space  may  be  divided  by  applying  heavy  building  paper,  quilting,  felt  or  some 
suitable  insulating  material  between  the  studs,  fastening  it  by  nailing  wood 
strips  over  folded  ends  of  the  material.  This  insulation  should  be  so  fastened 
as  to  clear  the  2- inch  bridging,  leaving  the  preponderance  of  the  air-space  on 
the  outside.  Care  must  be  taken  to  keep  the  insulating  material  clear  of  the 
outside  plaster,  and  to  make  tight  joints  against  the  wood  framing  at  the  top 
and  bottom  of  the  spaces,  and  against  the  bridging  where  the  3-inch  face 
intercepts. 

Lathing. — Before  lathing  it  is  well  to  apply  one  coat  of  paint  or  water¬ 
proofing  to  the  face  of  the  studs  where  it  will  come  in  contact  with  the  plaster. 
Good  construction  is  not  possible  with  wood  lath.  Best  results  are  gotten  with 
Herringbone  Ingot  Iron.  The  lath  is  fastened  horizontally  over  the  furring 
strips  at  12-inch  centers,  with  x  14-inch  gauge  staples.  The  sheets,  when 
lapping  between  furring,  should  be  tied  with  No.  18  gauge  wire  and  each  sheet 
should  be  lapped  or  locked  with  the  adjoining  sheet.  There  should  be  6-in.  strips 
of  metal  lath  bent  around  the  corners  and  stapled  over  the  lathing,  unless  the 
sheets  of  metal  lath  as  applied  are  folded  around  the  corners,  so  as  to  secure  a 
proper  bond  for  the  plaster,  and  prevent  cracking  at  the  corners.  In  applying 
lath  to  the  inside  of  a  building,  the  sheets  of  metal  lath  should  be  folded  around 
the  inside  corners  to  prevent  the  cracks  which  so  often  develop  there  when  wood 
lath  is  used. 

Plastering. — Portland  cement  itself  will  protect  metal  from  corrosion  by 
reason  of  its  moisture-resisting  qualities,  but  on  account  of  the  porosity  of  the 
plaster  occasioned  by  the  use  of  sand  and  stone,  it  is  well  to  use  a  waterproofing 


material  to  prevent  moisture  from  penetrating  the  stucco.  The  first  coat  should 
be  about  J-in.  to  f-in.  in  thickness,  and  the  second  coat  should  be  about  |-in.,  but 
the  two  coats  combined  should  be  less  than  IJ  inches  in  thickness.  The  last  coat 
should  have  in  it  a  mixture  of  waterproofing  which  has  been  tried  out  thorough¬ 
ly  and  tested,  and  for  the  mixture  the  manufacturer’s  specifications  should  be 
followed  closely.  It  is  aimed  for  the  first  and  second  coats  to  get  a  Portland 
cement  mortar  with  as  little  lime  in  it  as  will  allow  it  to  work  freely.  Clean 
winter  cattle  hair,  free  from  salt,  should  also  be  used  in  sufficient  quantity  to 
hold  the  plaster  thoroughly  together.  Calcined  gypsum  should  not  be  used  in 
combination  with  Portland  cement ;  the  gypsum  will  destroy  the  protective 
quality  of  the  cement.  Neither  should  it  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  Portland 
cement. 

For  1st  and  2nd  coats  and  back-plastering,  mix  in  the  following  proportion  : 

Lime  Mortar.— Two  barrels  of  hydrated  lime,  1  yard  of  clean  sharp  sand 
free  from  loam,  4  bushels  cattle  hair.  Make  up  at  least  three  days  before  using. 

Cement  Mortar. — Two  parts  of  clean  sharp  sand  free  from  loam,  1  part 
Portland  cement.  Mix  fresh  in  small  batches  as  used. 

The  lime  mortar  and  cement  mortar  should  be  mixed  and  tempered  separate¬ 
ly,  measured  carefully,  equal  parts  of  each,  and  mixed  well  tegether.  In  plas¬ 
tering  over  the  face  of  the  stud,  the  plaster  should  be  forced  well  through  the 
lath  in  order  to  fill  entirely  the  space  between  the  lath  and  the  stud. 

The  back -plastering  should  be  a  heavy  coat  well  trowelled,  so  that  the  lath 
is  entirely  enveloped.  The  finished  coat  may  be  done  in  a  way  to  get  any  one  of 
the  many  surfaces  which  give  stucco  its  charm;  this  coat  should  contain  no  lime, 
as  it  makes  the  wall  more  porous,  and  if  a  lighter  color  is  wanted  than  can  be 
gotten  with  ordinary  cement,  a  white  Portland  cement  should  be  used. 

The  waterproofing  acceptable  to  the  architect  should  be  mixed  with  the  last  coat  of  the  ex¬ 
terior  according  to  directions  given  by  the  waterproofing  manufacturer.  The  lathing  and  plastering 
on  the  inner  side  of  the  wall  need  not  differ  from  ordinary  practice,  although  attention  is  again 
directed  to  limitations  of  wood  lath  dwelt  upon  above. 

The  exterior  plaster  must  not  be  allowed  to  dry  rapidly.  Do  not  let  it  dry  out  inside  of  a  week; 
if  necessary,  hang  a  curtain  of  burlap  or  other  material  in  front  of  the  wall  so  that  the  wall  can  be 
kept  moist  for  several  days.  Stucco  should  never  be  applied  when  the  temperature  is  below  freez¬ 
ing.  These  precautions  will  insure  a  surface  of  enduring  and  artistic  texture,  light  gray  in  color. 


Old  Wood  Residence  after  Overcoating  with  Cement  Plaster. 


PAGE  12 


201  'De'Vonshire  Streets  'Boston,  Mass. 


I 

f 

f 


♦ 


■i' 

I 


Here  is  an  interesting  comparative  cost  of  a  cement 
stucco  three-flat  building  against  a  similar  three- 
flat  building  made  from  wood.  Following  is  a 
cement  mixture  used  on  this  building.  Outside  walls  are 
lathed  with  Penco  Expanded  Metal  Lath  applied  di¬ 
rectly  to  wood  stud  ; 

Scratch  Coat : — Four  pounds  of  hair  to  one  barrel  of  putty,  one 
barrel  sand,  and  one  bag  Portland  Cement.  (1-4) 

Second  Coat  outside: — One  Portland  Cement  and  two  sand. 

Back  Plaster One  cement  to  four  mortar. 

The  total  cost,  including  Metal  Lath  in  place,  etc., 
was  95  cents  per  square  yard,  against  $1.10  per  square 
yard  for  wood,  same  building. 

Now  then,  this  means  not  only  economy  in  building, 
but  also  less  insurance  rates  and  more  attractive  and  sani¬ 
tary  construction,  together  with  a  fireproof  protection. 
In  almost  every  locality  materials  used  in  this  cement  mix¬ 
ture  can  be  very  readily  and  quickly  obtained . 

This  form  of  construction  is  so  well  known  today  to 
the  average  contractor,  that  it  has  passed  its  experimental 
stage,  and  is  now  down  on  a  basis  where  it  can  be  applied 
economically. 


PAGE  13 


'Penn  Metal  Company 


Penco 
Metal  Lath 


in 

Massachusetts 

Schools 


NORMAL  AND  LATIN  SCHOOL  GROUP,  BOSTON.  MASS.  Peabody  &  Stearns,  Architects, 
225,000  (t.  PENCO  EXPANDED  LATH  and  20,000  ft.  CORNER  BEAD  in  these  Buildings. 


FRANKLIN  TRADE  SCHOOL.  BOSTON,  MASS.  R,  C.  Sturgis,  Architect. 
90,000  sq.  ft,  PENCO  EXPANDED  24  GAUGE  LATH  used  here. 


NEWTON  TECHNICAL  SCHOOL,  NEWTONVILLE,  MASS. 

Geo,  F.  Newton.  Architect. 

PENCO  EXPANDED  METAL  LATH  used  throughout  this  Building. 


WINSOR  SCHOOL,  LONGWOOD,  MASS. 


MALDEN  HIGH  SCHOOL.  Cooper  &  Bailey,  Architects. 

135,000  ft.  PENCO  EXPANDED  LATH  and  12.000  ft.  CORNER  BEAD 

placed  in  this  Building. 


R.  Clipston  Sturgis,  Architect. 

PENCO  EXPANDED  METAL  LATH.  PENCO  CHANNELS,  and  METAL  CORNER  BEAD  placed  here. 


PAGE  14 


201  'De'Oon^htre  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


Wire  Cloth 


Galvanized. 

No.  19  and  No.  20  Carried  in  Boston. 
Rolls  150  feet  long,  3  feet  wide. 

50  square  yards  to  a  Roll. 


Bay  State  Bank  Building,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
162,000  square  feet  Penco  Sheet  Lath  used  in  this  building. 


SALEM  HIGH  SCHOOL 

275,000  square  feet  Penco  Expanded  Lath.  10,000  feet  Metal  Corner  Bead  Installed. 


Penco  Sheet  Lath 

A  metal  lath  to  be  used  where  plaster 
economy  is  a  feature.  Takes  even  less 
plaster  than  a  wood  lath,  is  fireproof, 
vermin  proof,  and  gives  a  surface  free 
from  cracks  and  stains.  Used  extensively 
in  tile  work. 

Sheets,  13J  x  96  inches— 1  square  yard. 

*Sheets,  24  x  96  inches— 1  7-9  square  yards. 

Packed,  10  sheets  to  a  bundle. 

Weight,  4|  pounds  per  square  yard. 

Always  furnished  plain  unless  otherwise  specified. 

‘Carried  in  Boston  Stock, 


page  15 


"Penn  Metal  Company' 


CEILINGS. 

All  ceilings  shall  be  hung  to  the  roof  beams  or  slab  with 
2  in.  X  i  in.  hangers  where  bending  is  required,  and  1  in.  x  i  in. 
hangers  where  straight,  not  more  than  4  feet  on  centers,  to 
which  shall  be  bolted  2  in.  x  i  in.  bar  purlins  punched  to  receive 
the  I  in.  or  1  in.  channels;  or  2  in.  x  2  in.  x  i  in.  angles  may  be 
used,  and  the  channels  clamped  to  same.  The  channels  are  to 
be  spaced  not  more  than  12  in.  on  centers  where  Penco  24 
Gauge  Expanded  Metal  is  used,  but  may  be  spaced  16  in.  on 
centers  if  “A”  Herringbone  Lath  is  used. 

Where  wood  beams  occur,  the  channels  are  to  be  held  up 
by  1  in.  X  I  in.  clamps  nailed  into  sides  of  beams  with  two 
nails.  Staples  driven  into  bottoms  of  beams  over  channels  will 
not  be  accepted. 

Where  the  supports  for  channel  iron  are  more  than  4  feet 
apart,  1  in.  iron  must  be  used. 

Metal  Lath  must  be  cut  from  24  Gauge  sheets,  and  weigh 
at  least  3  pounds  to  a  square  yard. 

□ 

PARTITIONS. 

Thin  partitions  around  ducts,  and  where  else  shown,  are  to 
be  made  of  channel  iron  spaced  not  more  than  12  in.  on  centers, 
thoroughly  fastened  top  and  bottom.  Where  the  height  is  10 
feet  or  less,  use  |  in.  iron;  and  over  10  feet,  use  1  in.  channel 
iron.  The  studs  are  to  be  then  lathed  on  one  side  with  Penco 
Metal  Lath,  or  channel  iron  may  be  spaced  16  in.  on  centers  if 
Special  “A”  Herringbone  Lath  is  used. 


Where  thick  partitions  are  shown,  use  Penco  Metal  Studs, 
spaced  not  more  than  12  in.  on  centers,  and  rigidly  fastened,  top 
and  bottom.  Lath  on  each  side  with  Penco  24  Gauge  Metal 
Lath  and  leave  strong  and  true,  ready  for  plastering. 

□ 

WALL  FURRING. 

The  inside  of  all  exterior  walls  shall  be  furred  and  lathed 
on  the  brick.  First  put  up  |  in.  channels  on  edge  horizontally, 
and  to  these  fasten  |  in.  channel  iron  on  |  in.  Penco  Prong 
Studs  12  in.  on  centers,  and  then  lath  with  Penco  24  Gauge 
Expanded  Metal,  or  the  vertical  channels  may  be  spaced  on 
16  in.  centers  if  Special  “A”  Herringbone  Lath  is  used. 

□ 

MISCELLANEOUS  FURRING  AND  LATHING. 

All  pipe  chases  or  other  places  where  furring  and  lathing 
are  required  to  properly  finish  the  plastering,  shall  be  furred 
and  lathed  as  required. 

□ 

CORNICES  AND  FALSE  BEAMS. 

All  cornices  and  beams  shall  be  formed  of  brackets  made 
of  1  in.  x  4  in.  band  iron  or  channel  iron.  Brackets  to  be  spaced 
not  more  than  12  in.  on  centers,  and  strengthened  longitudinally 
with  I  in.  channel.  Lath  with  No.  24  Gauge  Penco  Expanded 
Metal. 


PAGE  16 


201  DenJonshire  Streets  'Boston,  Mass. 


Figure  1. 


Figure  1.— REINFORCED  CONCRETE  FLOOR,  using  EXPANDED  METAL  or 
TRIANGLE  MESH  REINFORCING.  Beams  fireproofed  with  cement  and  metal  lath 
and  plaster  ;  ceiling  suspended  from  soffit  of  beams.  This  type  of  construction  is  used 
when  it  is  desired  to  conceal  the  overhead  floor  beams. 


Pence  No.  2  Hanger  is  placed  on  beam 
before  concrete  floor  is  placed.  Channels  can  be 
put  in  place  later,  when  ready  for  lath  and 
plaster. 


I  in.  and  1  in.  Channels  carried  in  stock  in  Boston  warehouse. 

I  in.  Channels,  .5,  .  .  .  24-foot  lengths. 

1  in.  Channels,  .68,  .  .  .  24-foot  lengths, 

in.  and  2  in.  Purlins  punched  for  Channels,  in  Boston  stock. 


No,  1.  —  Showing  Purlin 
irons  used  in  construction  with 
Figure  No.  1,  also  furring 
channels.  Furring  channels 
spaced  12  in.  o.  c.  Purlins 
made  from  2  in.  x  3-16  in. 
steel.  This  construction  allows 
metal  lath  to  be  attached,  with 
smooth  surface  for  plaster. 


No.  6  Hanger. 

Illustrating  the 
method  of  secur¬ 
ing  channel  fur- 
rings  to  I-beam 
sections.  Clips 
are  made  to  fit 
any  size  beam 
and  furring  chan¬ 
nel. 


#  3 


No,  3. — Made  any  length,  to  be  placed  on  beam  flange  channels,  arranged  same  as  Hanger  No.  2. 


PAGE  17 


Penn  Metal  Company' 


VERY  one  of  the  great  conflagrations  of  the  last  ten  years  has 
taught  its  lessons  in  fire  protection ;  and  that  in  all  of  these  ca¬ 
lamities,  notably  at  Rochester,  Baltimore  and  San  Francisco, 
cement  and  steel  should  stand  paramount  in  effective  pro¬ 
tection  of  property  is  significant.  The  magnitude  of  these  dis¬ 
asters  has  attracted  the  highest  talent  of  the  engineering  pro¬ 
fession,  and  the  results  of  the  most  painstaking  investigations,  carefully 
analyzed  by  the  great  engineering  societies  of  the  country,  indicate 
clearly  that  metal  lath  and  cement  plaster  form  the  most  effective  par¬ 
titions  and  protective  coating  for  steel  skeletons  of  buildings. 

In  the  Baltimore  conflagration,  steel  columns  were  stripped  of  their 
terra  cotta  coverings  and  hopelessly  buckled.  Heavily  laden  terra  cotta 
tile  floors  fell  through  the  ceilings  under  them,  leaving  large  areas  of 
metal  lath  dangling  from  the  floor  beams  with  the  plaster  still  enmeshed. 


PAGE  18 


201  'De'Vonshire  Street^  'Boston,  Mass 


“The  Prong  that  Won’t 
Come  off” 


PENCO  METAL  STUD. 


FOR  FURRING  AND  SOLID 
PARTITIONS. 

Made  in  10  and  12-foot  Lengths. 


HOLLOW  PRONG 
:PAfiTm0N.STU05 
LATHS 


THE  LITTLE  PRONG  IS  THE  LABOR  SAVER 


^  /TETAL  LATH,  as  applied  to  Penco  Metal  Stud,  is  fastened 
every  three  and  one-half  inches  by  prongs  which  are  a 
part  of  the  Stud.  This  method  eliminates  lacing  wires  or  clips, 
and  insures  a  rigid  and  permanent  construction.  Lengths  of 
Stud  and  Furring,  ten  feet. 

EASILY  AND  QUICKLY  ERECTED.  LIGHT  IN  WEIGHT,  STRONG 
IN  RESISTANCE.  FIRE  PROOF.  VERMIN  PROOF.  SOUND  PROOF. 


Penco  Stud  for 
Hollow  Partitions 

Made  2,  3  and  4  in.  wide 


PAGE  19 


Venn  Metal  Company' 


SHOWING  method  of  fastening 
Double  Studs  to  wood  construc¬ 
tion.  Shoes  are  very  easily 
turned  on  the  ends.  A  shoe  with  a 
bearing  of  three  inches  on  the  floor  and 
ceiling  strip  is  sufficient  to  secure  a 
very  strong  and  rigid  fastening. 

Wood  blocks  between  the  studs  are 
used  for  attaching  wood  trim.  A  light 
weight  fire-proof  partition  is  thus  ob¬ 
tained. 


-  O 


PENCO  CHANNEL  STUDS 


For  Hollow  Partitions. 


Size 

Inches 

Gauge 

Weight 

Blk. 

Galv. 

2 

20 

438 

472 

2i 

20 

500 

540 

3 

20 

565 

608 

34 

20 

625 

675 

4 

20 

691 

740 

2 

18 

581 

630 

24 

18 

664 

720 

3 

18 

747 

810 

34 

18 

830 

900 

4 

18 

919 

990 

HOLLOW  PARTITION  ON  WOOD  FLOOR. 


1 


PAGE  20 


201  'De'Vonshire  Street,  "Boston,  Mass. 


Penco  Hollow  Partition  Stud. 


Penco  Hollow  Partition  Stud  and  Channel  Rail. 

This  illustration  shows  partition  fastened  to  concrete  floor  before  finished 

floor  is  put  in  place. 

\  N  ECONOMICAL  method  of  erecting  this  style  of 
s\.  partition  is  by  securing  a  stud  to  the  floor  and 
ceiling,  forming  a  rail  for  attaching  studs. 

Penco  Expanded  Metal  Lath  is  then  applied  to  both 
sides  of  studs,  and  plastered.  The  wood  blocks  shown 
between  studs  are  for  attaching  baseboard. 

Hollow  partitions  can  be  built  to  any  thickness. 
Pipes,  telephone  tubes,  electric  wires,  etc.,  can  be  run 
through  this  type  of  partition  and  thoroughly  concealed. 

This  illustration  shows  partition  fastened  to  con¬ 
crete  floor  before  cinder  All  is  put  in  place. 


Penco  Channel  Rail  for  Penco  Channel 
Studs  in  Hollow  Partitions. 


SIZE 

INCHES 

GAUGE 

WEIGHT 

BLK.  GALV. 

2 

20 

500 

540 

2J 

i  i 

565 

608 

3 

4  i 

625 

675 

34 

i  ( 

691 

740 

4 

(  i 

756 

805 

2 

18 

664 

720 

24 

i  i 

747 

810 

3 

i  i 

830 

900 

34 

<  ( 

920 

990 

4 

4  ( 

1010 

1080 

Channel  Studs  for  Hollow  Partitions  always  shipped 
plain,  unless  specified  galvanized  or  painted. 


Penco  Metal  Stud  is  put  up  in  crates  about 
100  pieces  to  a  crate. 


Dimensions  of  Crate— 10  in.  x  26  in.  x  124  in. 
Weight  of  Crate— about  575  lbs.  gross. 


PAGE  21 


Venn  Metal  Company' 


Solid  Partition  on  Wood  Floor. 


Send  us  Your 
Plans  for 
Estimate 


The  small  quantity  of  metal  used  in 
the  construction  of  Solid  Partitions, 
and  the  thorough  protection  of 
metal  by  plaster,  makes  an  abso¬ 
lutely  Fireproof  wall.  When 
floor  space  is  valuable,  the 
extreme  thinness  of  Solid 
Partitions  will  appeal. 


PENCO  WALL  FURRING  ATTACHED  TO  BRICK  WALL. 


Size 

nches 

Gauge 

Weight 

Blk.  Galv. 

Size 

Inches 

Gauge 

Weight 
Blk.  Galv 

Vi 

20 

188 

202 

'/2 

18 

249 

270 

20 

219 

237 

% 

18 

290 

315 

20 

250 

270 

% 

18 

332 

360 

1 

20 

313 

338 

1 

18 

415 

450 

1>4 

20 

375 

405 

V4 

18 

498 

540 

11a, 

2(1 

438 

473 

V/j 

18 

581 

630 

1-Vl 

20 

500 

540 

1% 

18 

664 

720 

l^ENCO  WALL  FURRING  is  attached  to  brick 
walls  by  nailing  through  the  holes  in  the  fur¬ 
ring.  When  covered  with  Penco  Expanded  Lath  and 
plastered,  air  spaces  are  formed,  which  prevents 
moisture  discoloring  the  plaster. 


201  'Dc'Vonshire  Street,  "Boston,  Mass 


Triangle  Mesh  Steel  Woven  Wire  Reinforcement  is  made  with  both  single  and 
stranded  longitudinal  or  tension  members.  That  with  the  single  wire  longitudinal  is  made  with  one 
wire,  varying  in  size  from  a  No.  12  gauge  up  to  and  including  a  one-half  inch  diameter,  and  that 
with  the  stranded  longitudinal  is  composed  of  two  or  three  wires  varying  from  No.  1 2  gauge  up  to 
and  including  No.  4  wires  stranded  or  twisted  together  with  a  long  lay.  These  longitudinals,  either 
solid  or  stranded,  are  invariably  spaced  4-inch  centers,  the  sizes  being  varied  in  order  to  obtain  the 
desired  cross  sectional  area  of  steel  per  foot  of  width. 

T ransverse  or  diagonal  cross  wires  are  so  woven  between  the  longitudinals  that  perfect  triangles 
are  formed  by  their  arrangement,  thereby  not  only  lending  additional  carrying  strength  to  the 


longitudinal  or  tension  members,  but  positively  spacing  them  and  providing  a  most  perfect  distribu¬ 
tion  of  tbe  steel.  These  diagonal  cross  or  transverse  wires  are  woven  either  two  or  four  inches 
apart,  as  is  desired.  It  is  the  most  perfect  reinforcement  for  concentrated  loads,  distributing  the 
stress  imposed  by  the  load  throughout  the  floor  slab.  A  hinge  joint  is  provided  on  each  longitudi¬ 
nal,  which  enables  this  reinforcement  to  be  folded  longitudinally  in  any  desired  shape,  making  it 
adaptable  to  all  kinds  of  concrete  construction.  Its  design  provides  a  most  perfect  mechanical  bond 
between  the  steel  and  the  concrete,  and  from  the  fact  that  it  is  not  galvanized  (unless  specifically 
ordered)  the  maximum  adhesive  bond  is  developed. 

Triangle  Mesh  Woven  Wire  Reinforcement  for  Concrete  is  made  with  either 
solid  or  stranded  longitudinal  members,  properly  spaced  by  means  of  diagonal  or  cross  wires  so 
arranged  as  to  form  a  series  of  triangles  between  the  longitudinal  or  tension  members  ;  the  longi¬ 
tudinal  members  being  invariably  spaced  four  inches  apart,  the  cross  wires  either  two  inches  or  four 
inches  apart,  as  desired,  providing  either  a  two-inch  or  four-inch  mesh.  The  sizes  of  both  longitu¬ 
dinals  and  cross  wires  are  varied,  in  order  to  provide  the  cross  sectional  areas  of  steel  requited  to 
meet  the  conditions. 

Triangle  Mesh  Reinforcement,  we  believe,  is  the  most  efficient  material  on  the  market 
for  the  purposes ; 

It  provides  a  mote  even  distribution  of  the  steel,  reinforcing  in  every  direction. 

Tension  or  carrying  members  accurately  spaced. 

A  most  perfect  mechanical  bond. 

When  a  specific  size  of  fabric  or  area  of  steel  is  specified,  it  is  impossible  to  leave  out  any 
portion  of  the  reinforcement. 

Minimum  cost  of  installation. 

Easily  handled  and  stored  on  the  work. 

Low  cost  of  inspection. 


LONQITUDINALS  SPACED  4-INCH  CENTERS 
CROSS  WIRES  SPACED  4-INCH  CENTERS 
Number  and  Gauge  of  Wires.  Areas  per  Foot-Width,  and  Weights  per  100  Square  Feet. 
Styles  Marked  *  Usually  Carried  in  Stock 


Style 

Number 

No.  of 
Wires 
Each  Long 

Gauge  of 
Wire 

Each  Long 

Gauge  of 
Cross 
Wires 

Sectional 
Area  Long 
Sq.  In. 

Sectional 
Area  Cross 
Wires 

Cross  Sec¬ 
tional  Area 
Ft.-Width. 

Approximate 
Weight  per 
100  Sq.  Ft. 

4 

1 

6 

14 

.087 

.025 

.102 

43 

5 

1 

8 

14 

.062 

.025 

.077 

34 

6 

1 

10 

14 

.043 

.025 

,068 

27 

*7 

1 

12 

14 

.026 

.025 

.041 

21 

*23 

1 

Vi  in. 

12y2 

.147 

.038 

.170 

72 

*24 

1 

4 

121/2 

.119 

.038 

.142 

62 

26 

1 

6 

12V2 

.101 

.038 

.124 

55 

*26 

1 

6 

12% 

.087 

.038 

.110 

50 

27 

1 

8 

121/2 

.062 

.038 

.085 

41 

28 

1 

10 

12y2 

.043 

.038 

.066 

34 

29 

1 

12 

i2y2 

.026 

.038 

.049 

28 

31 

2 

4 

i2y2 

.238 

.038 

.261 

106 

32 

2 

5 

121/2 

.202 

.038 

.226 

92 

33 

2 

6 

i2y2 

.174 

.038 

.196 

82 

34 

2 

8 

i2y2 

.124 

.038 

.146 

63 

35 

2 

10 

121/2 

.086 

.038 

.109 

50 

36 

2 

12 

i2y2 

.052 

.038 

.075 

37 

38 

3 

4 

i2y2 

.358 

.038 

.380 

151 

39 

3 

5 

i2y2 

.303 

.038 

.326 

130 

40 

3 

6 

121/2 

.260 

.038 

.283 

114 

41 

3 

8 

12% 

.186 

.038 

.208 

87 

*42 

3 

10 

12Vi 

.129 

.038 

.151 

66 

43 

3 

12 

i2y2 

.078 

.038 

.101 

47 

Length  of  Rolls;  150-ft.,  300-ft.  and  600-ft. 

Widths:  18-in.,  22-in.,  26-in.,  30-in.,  34-in.,  38-in.,  42-in.,  46-in.,  60-in.,  54-in.,  and  68-in. 


LONQITUDINALS  SPACED  4-INCH  CENTERS 
CROSS  WIRES  SPACED  2-INCH  CENTERS 
Number  and  Gauge  of  Wires.  Areas  per  Foot-Width,  and  Weights  per  100  Square  Feet. 


Style 

Number 

No.  of 
Wires 
Each  Long 

Gauge  of 
Wire 

Each  Long 

Gauge  of 
Cross 
Wires 

Sectiona 
Area  Long 
Sq.  In. 

Sectional 
Area  Cross 
Wires  SqJn 

Cross  Sec¬ 
tional  Area 
Ft.-Width. 

Approximate 
Weight  per 
100  Sq.  Ft. 

4-A 

1 

6 

14 

.087 

.060 

.102 

53 

5-A 

1 

8 

14 

.062 

.050 

.077 

44 

6-A 

1 

10 

14 

.043 

.060 

.058 

37 

7-A 

1 

12 

14 

.026 

.050 

.011 

31 

23-A 

1 

14  in. 

12y2 

.147 

.076 

.170 

86 

24-A 

1 

4 

12y2 

.119 

.076 

.142 

76 

25-A 

1 

5 

12'/! 

.101 

.076 

.124 

70 

26-A 

1 

6 

i2y2 

.087 

.076 

.110 

64 

27-A 

1 

8 

i2y2 

.062 

.076 

.185 

55 

28-A 

1 

10 

12'/2 

.043 

.076 

.066 

48 

29-A 

1 

12 

12’/2 

.026 

.076 

.049 

42 

31-A 

2 

4 

12  y2 

.238 

.076 

.261 

120 

32-A 

2 

5 

12'/2 

.202 

.076 

.226 

107 

33-A 

2 

6 

i2y2 

.174 

.076 

.196 

97 

34-A 

2 

8 

i2y2 

.124 

.076 

.146 

78 

35-A 

2 

10 

12 ’/2 

.086 

.076 

.109 

64 

36-A 

2 

12 

12%! 

.052 

.076 

.075 

52 

38-A 

3 

4 

12'/2 

.368 

.076 

.380 

165 

39-A 

3 

5 

12'/2 

.303 

.076 

.325 

145 

40-A 

3 

6 

12'/2 

.260 

.076 

.283 

129 

41-A 

3 

8 

12 '/2 

.185 

.076 

.208 

101 

42-A 

3 

10 

12'/. 

.129 

.076 

.151 

81 

43-A 

3 

12 

12%! 

.078 

.076 

.101 

62 

Length  of  Rolls  ;  160-ft.,  300-ft.  and  600-ft. 

Widths;  18-in.,  22-in.,  26-in.,  30-in.,  34-in.,  38-in..  42-in.,  46-in..  50-in.,  54-in.,  and  58-in. 


PAGE  23 


Venn  Metal  Company^ 


PEERLESS  GARAGE 

Boston,  Mass. 

J.  R.  WORCESTER  &  CO..  Engineers  G.  B.  H.  MACOMBER  CO.,  Contractors 

7  foot  6  inch  Span.  4  inch  Slab.  1  50  pounds  live  load  per  square  foot. 

90,000  SQUARE  EEET  TRIANGLE  MESH.  STYLE  40,  USED 


PAGE  24 


201  'Dc'Vonshtre  Street,  "Boston,  Mass 


^^'o(>l)UlTllY  8:  Li^ioiitox  Go. 

B I ;  1 o  I X  G  C  oxxn AO  Tons 

20i  nuvoNSIUKE  STHEIJT 

Boston  Massacih’si^tts 


April  24th,  1913. 


Penn  Uetal  Company^ 

201  Devonshire  6t., 

Boston,  Mass. 

Gentlemen: 

For  your  inf ormatlon  you  will  probably  be  inter¬ 
ested  to  know  the  outcome  of  placing  your  Triangle  Mesh 
throughout  the  floors  of  the  Robert  Brigham  Hospitals. 

We  e^lected  this  system  of  reinforcement  first 
for  economy  of  handling  reinforcing  steel.  The  hand¬ 
ling  and  placing  of  your  Triangle  Mesh  more  than  justi¬ 
fied  our  prediction  In  materially  lowering  the  cost  over 
our  earlier  estimate  for  this  work. 

The  main  point  that  we  wish  to  bring  out  is  the 
fact  that  we  used  youi*'  Style  40  throughout  the  entire 
building.  This  style  of  material  covered  the  speci¬ 
fication  for  steel  in  the  larger  part  of  the  work.  How¬ 
ever,  we  found  that  we  had  a  number  of  bays  where  a  much 
heavier  reinforcement  was  required  and  ws  simply  added 
additional  steel  in  the  form  of  bare,  where  required, 
to  make  up  the  additional  area.  We  found  ^his  worked 
out  very  nicely  for  the  reason  that  it  is  a  very  simple 
matter  to  space  the  bars  by  tying  them  to  the  longitud¬ 
inal  raembera  of  your  Triangle  Mesh  fabric. 

We  are  very  well  satisfied  with  the  way  this  mater¬ 
ial  served  our  purpose  throughout  these  buildings  and 
believe  this  system  of  reinforcing  to  be  moat  economical 
for  work  of  this  nature,  where  the  rolls  can  be  run  con¬ 
tinuously  over  the  bays. 

Yours  very  truly, 


Woodlw^r^  Leightm^. 

0y 


PONEMAH  MILLS,  TAFTVILLE.  CONR 

F.  P.  Sheldon  &  Sons,  Engineers.  J.  W.  Bishop,  Contradtor. 

Triangle  Mesh  Concrete  Reinforcement  used. 


WHITE  BUILDING.  SEATTLE.  WASH. 

Built  by  Slone  &  Webster,  BoSlon,  Mass. 
Triangle  Mesh  Reinforcement  used. 


ROBERT  BENT  BRIGHAM  HOSPITALS. 

Over  200,000  sq.  ft.  Triangle  Mesh  used  in  floor  and  column  reinforcement. 


HEAVY  WIRE  MESH  IN  Fl.OOR  CONSTRUCTION. 

Heavy  Floor  Conitrudtion,  Style  No.  39  Triangle  Mesh,  with  6  in.  slab, 
carrying  250  lbs.  L.  L. 


PAGE  25 


Term  Metal  Company 


STYLE  7  TRIANGE  MESH. 


A  perfect  reinforcement  at  a 
minimum  cost  for  concrete  exposed 
to  temperature  expansion  and  con¬ 
traction. 

Thousands  of  feet  of  Style  7 
Triangle  Mesh  are  now  being 
used  in  all  sidewalks  and  surface 
reinforcement.  Over  1  20,000 
square  feet  No.  7  Triangle 
Mesh  placed  in  floors  of  new  Fish 
Wharf,  So.  Boston;  over  1  00,000 
feet  in  first  floor  Fargo  Trust  Bldg., 

Boston :  1 00,000  feet  in  side¬ 

walks,  Salisbury  Beach.  All  side¬ 
walks  around  Filene  Bldg.,  Boston, 
reinforced  with  Triangle  Mesh. 

Also  reservoirs,  swimming  pools, 
etc.,  etc. 

m  REtNFORCED  CONCRETE  PAVEMENT.  PLYMOUTH.  WtS. 

^  100,000  Sq  Ft.  TRIANGLE  MESH  REINFORCEMENT  used.  All  sidewalks  reinforced  with  Triangle  Mesh. 


I 


STOOD  THE  TEST  WELL 

Re-enforced  Concrete  Paving  at  Plym¬ 
outh,  Wis.,  Has  Unusual  Features. 

A  re-enforced  concrete  pavement  has 
been  laid  at  Plymouth,  Wis.,  having 
three  unusual  features  of  construction. 
They  are  the  use  of  "Pecky”  cypress 


I 

t 

fi 

o 

s« 

th 

b< 

t; 


for  expansion  joints,  a  re»enfOrcement 
of  the  concrete  with  a  woven  wire  mesh 
and  a  new  form  of  rough  surface. 
"Pecky"  cypress  boards,  1x8  inches, 
were  used  along  each  gutter,  and  every 
four  feet  across  the  street.  In  place  of 
the  usual  asphaltum  or  tar  expansion 
joints.  On  those  stceets  Where  car 
tracks  had  been  laid,  a  joint  was  made 
on  each  side  of  the  track  at  the  end  of 
the  ties,  says  an  exchange. 

The  re-enforcement  was  a  woven  wire 


mesh  placed  directly  on  the  base  con 

Crete,  so  as  to  lie  between  the  surface 

and  the  base.  By  using  this  mesh 
and  placing  the  expansion  joints  every 
40  feet  the  street  was  ciit  up  into  mono¬ 
lithic  squares  of  40  feet.  The  surface 
finish  ccat  consisted  of  a  mixture  of 
crushed  granite  chips  and  Portland  ce¬ 
ment. 

The  pavement  is  now  over  a  year  old, 
and  it  is  said  that  no  cracks  or  flaws 
have  developed.  There  are  10,786.22 
square  yards  in  the  pavement,  and  the 
number  of  square  feet  in  the  curb  and 
gutter  is  4648.2.  The  contract  price  was 
$1.23y2  per  squ&re  yard,  including  grad¬ 
ing,  and  48  cents  per  foot  on  the  curb 


ac 
ut 
pr 
th: 
as 
sit; 
the 
chi 
ing 
ele' 
T 
cov 
$1S.I 
pen 
a  r 
cat 
Pn 
$1,( 
thi 

ni( 


and  gutter. 


AT  NATIah 


THE 

BOSTON  HE  RALO 


JAN.  14,  19  12. 


Triangle  ME^FI  wire  reinforcement  has  demonstrated  its 
superiority  over  all  other  forms  of  reinforcement  for  pavements, 
sidewalks,  floor  and  roof  slabs,  and  is  now  adopted  by  many 
municipalities  and  concrete  engineers  as  their  standard  reinforcement. 

The  more  standard  weights  and  areas  carried  in  stock  at  Boston 
warehouse. 


FILTRATION  PLANT,  Wilmington,  Del.  Coleman  Bros.,  Boston,  Contractor*. 

Over  100.000  So.  Ft.  of  TRIANGLE  MESH  REINFORCEMENT  used. 


PAGE  26 


201  DenJonshire  Street,  "Boston,  Mass. 


Triangle  Mesh  in  Road  Construction. 


Considering  the  fact  that  large  areas  of  our  New  England 
States  will  have  muddy  roads  for  at  least  three  months  during  the 
year,  and  half  of  that  time  these  roads  are  impassible,  the  econo¬ 
my  of  a  paved  road  is  apparent. 

In  Europe  it  is  conceded  that  the  average  cost  to  haul  one  ton 
per  mile  is  8c.,  whereas  in  the  United  States  the  average  cost  is 
23c.  per  ton  per  mile.  An  estimate  made  in  Indiana  on  costs  per 
ton  per  mile  to  haul  goods  on  various  types  of  road  surfaces  was 
as  follows: 


Asphalt 

2.7  cents 

Block  Pavement 

5.3 

Good  Macadam 

8.0 

i  i 

Gravel  Road 

8.8 

i  i 

Earth,  hard  and  dry 

18.0 

6  ( 

Macadam  with  ruts 

26.0 

(  i 

Wet  Sand 

32.0 

(  ( 

Earth  Roads,  ruts  and  mud 

39.0 

(  6 

Dry  Sand 

64.0 

i  i 

The  main  purpose  of  a  pavement  is  the  distribution  of  pres¬ 
sure  over  a  greater  area,  and  thereby  decreasing  the  tractive 
power  required.  Decreasing  the  tractive  power  lowers  the  cost  of 
marketing  produce. 

With  the  advent  of  automobile  traffic,  paved  streets  and  roads 
that  few  years  ago  showed  comparatively  long  life  under  ordinary 
wheel  traffic  are  fast  going  to  pieces  under  the  action  of  automo¬ 
biles.  Pavements  laid  on  poor  sub-soil  or  with  insufficient  thick¬ 
ness  cannot  possibly  remain  in  good  condition  under  the  excessive 
loads  being  hauled  by  motor  trucks. 

For  durability,  low  maintenance  cost,  and  for  comfort  to 
users,  which  is  of  great  importance  here  in  New  England  where 
automobile  tourists  travel  our  roads  continuously  during  six  months 
of  the  year,  concrete  in  road  construction  should  receive  more 
favorable  consideration. 


The  formation  of  cracks  due  to  the  soft  yielding  sub-soil  can 
only  be  prevented  by  the  use  of  a  proper  amount  of  steel  reinforce¬ 
ment. 

Under  average  conditions,  the  question  of  expansion  and 
contraction  presents  the  greater  number  of  difficulties.  It  is  now 
very  well  known  that  concrete  will  expand  and  contract  under 
changes  of  temperature,  and  also  that  the  cement  during  the  set¬ 
ting  period  will  contract  to  a  marked  degree.  This  meams  that 
the  pavement  moves  over  the  sub-soil,  this  movement  in  itself 
causing  the  setting  up  of  tension  or  compression  stresses  depending 
upon  whether  it  is  a  case  of  contraction  or  expansion  of  the  ma¬ 
terial.  Although  the  concrete  in  itself  has  a  certain  amount  of 
tensile  value,  it  has  been  found  advisable  to  eliminate  this  value 
in  concrete  computations.  For  this  reason,  steel  reinforcement  is 
placed  in  the  pavement  to  take  up  or  at  least  assist  the  concrete 
in  taking  care  of  these  temperature  stresses. 


Triangle  Mesh  in  Long  Island  Motor  Parkway, 
Vanderbilt  Cup  Race  Held  Over  This  Road. 


PAGE  27 


'Penn  Metal  Company^ 


m^wP^^sk 

1^1  iM'  ^p^^mKKSk 


mm 


The  problem  of  a  satisfactory  reinforcement  for  Beams  and  Columns  is  solved  by  Triangle  Mesh. 
The  mesh  is  constructed  to  allow  the  steel  to  be  thoroughly  embedded  in  concrete,  easily  and 
quickly  put  in  place,  and  at  a  cost  below  any  other  system.  The  hinge  in  Triangle  Mesh  per¬ 
mits  easy  adjustment  of  steel  for  all  column  reinforcing. 


STYLE  7  TRIANGE  MESH  ON  BEAMS,  GRAND  CENTRAL  DEPOT. 


PAGE  28 


201  De'Vonshtre  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


j.  m.  woncesTCf* 
C.  C.  eCTTBC 
Q.  »«.  •MAXIM 


■•cat  AM.  aoc.  e.  C. 


J.  R.  WORCESTER  Sc  CO. 
CONSULTING  Engineers 
79  MILK  STREET 
Boston 


TtkCMHOMC  “main  4ia-’ 
CABue  AOOMI9S 
"jAToatTan,  •o»t9m“ 


March  7,  1911. 


Mr.  F.  M.  Johnson, 

Penn  Metal  Company, 

201  Bevonahlre  St.,  Boston. 

Dear  Slr:- 

We  consider  the  triangular  mesh  reinforcing  fabric  made  by  the 
Amerioan  Steel  A  Wire  Company  to  be  a  very  satisfactory  form  of  reinforoement 
for  reinforced  concrete  slabs. 

Yours  truly. 


J.  R.  TOKCESIIR  i  CO. , 

By. 


roMM  C.2SL 


Orrice  or  tmc  CHicr  EitoiNECii 


March  24th  1910. 


Subject: 

Miscellaneous.  Reinforcement 

The  Penn  Metal  Celling  &  Roofing  Co., 

201  Devonshire  Street, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Gentlemen: - 

1  beg  te  aoknowledgo  your  favor  of  the  2lBt  instant 
and  would  advise  that  Triangle  Mesh  Reinforcement  has  been 
approved  for  our  Bridgeport  car  barns  platforms. 

Yours  truly. 


Assistant  Engineer. 


PAGE  29 


Venn  Metal  Company' 


‘Trussit’’ 


Standard  Size  Sheets  are  19  in.,  by  96  in.,  and  are  packed 
10  sheets  per  bundle. 


Gauge 

WEIGHT  PER  SQ.  FT. 

Black 

Galvanized 

24 

Curtain  Walls  and  Partitions 

1.02  lb. 

1.10  lb. 

27 

For  Low  Studded  Partitions 

0.71  lb. 

0.86  lb. 

For  Solid  Partitions. 

The  use  of  Trussit  in  solid  partition  construction  gives 
a  wall  li  inches  thick,  or  as  much  thicker  as  desired,  con¬ 
structed  without  permanent  studding  of  any  character,  yet 
making  an  absolutely  fireproof  plastered  partition.  Statistics 
from  recent  large  conflagrations  show  that  solid  partitions 
are  of  the  most  durable  type,  even  when  exposed  to  intense 
heat. 

The  space-saving  features  of  such  a  partition  cannot  be 
over-estimated.  When  compared  with  the  ordinary  6-inch 
partition,  Self-Sentering  means  a  saving  of  one  square  foot 
of  floor  space  to  every  three  lineal  feet  of  partition. 

In  factories,  warehouses  or  any  industrial  buildings,  this 
increased  floor  space  furnished,  as  it  is,  at  no  increased  cost, 
often  is  just  enough  to  mark  the  difference  between  efficient 
and  non-efficient  arrangement  of  the  building’s  contents. 

The  temporary  studding  required  in  erection  can  be 
placed  very  much  more  rapidly  than  permanent  studding, 
while  the  cost  is  merely  nominal,  as  it  is  possible  to  use  it 
over  and  over  again.  There  is  absolutely  no  waste  of  plaster, 
as  the  first  coat  applied  forms  the  foundation  for  the  second 
coat,  to  be  applied  on  the  reverse  side. 


“TRUSSIT”  is  carried  in  lengths  from  4  feet  to  10  feet. 


Trussit  Partition  Ready  For  Plaster 


PAGE  30 


201  'De'Oonshire  Street^  "Boston,  Mass 


“Self-Sentering’’ 


is  a  combined  reinforcing  and  cen¬ 
tering,  and  at  the  same  time  a  one- 
piece  steel  lathing  and  furring  for  outside  walls,  partitions,  eleva¬ 
tor  shafts,  ceiling,  etc. ,  etc. 

“Self-Sentering”  is  so  constructed  that  all  steel  is  in  tension. 
Roughly  speaking,  “Self-Sentering”  offers  a  bonding  surface 
eleven  times  as  great  as  the  same  sectional  area  in  reinforcing 
bars. 


All  gauges  carried  in  Boston  warehouse. 

Size  of  sheets — 28  inches  wide  by  lengths  of  4,  5,  6.  7,  8, 10  and 
12  feet.  Longer  lengths  up  to  14  feet  furnished  on  special  order. 
Intermediate  lengths  will  be  cut  from  the  next  larger  sheet,  and 
any  waste  charged  to  customer. 

Height  of  ribs,  13-16  inch. 

Spacing  of  ribs  always  3J  inches  center  to  center. 

Made  regularly  in  the  following  gauges  and  weights  : 


Gauge 

Painted  Wt. 

Galvanized  Wt. 

Sectional  Area 

28 

.60  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.75  lb. 

.177  sq.  in. 

26 

.72  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.932  lb. 

.213  sq.  in. 

24 

.96  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

1.11  lb. 

.284  sq.  in. 

Galvanized  Self-Sentering  furnished  on  special  order  only. 


On  special  order  we  can  furnish  the  following  ; 


Gauge 

Painted  Wt. 

Galvanized  Wt. 

Sectional  Area 

30 

.48  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.63  lb. 

.142  sq.  in. 

29 

.54  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.69  lb. 

.160  sq.  in. 

27 

.66  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.804  lb. 

.192  sq.  in. 

25 

.88  lb.  per  sq.  ft. 

.99  lb. 

.249  sq.  in. 

Note  that  Self-Sentering  made  from  galvanized  sheets,  also  from  American  Ingot  Iron  and  all 
special  gauges,  as  shown  above,  is  only  furnished  on  special  order,  and  with  the  usual  delays  inci¬ 
dent  to  mill  delivery  of  sheets. 

Self-Sentering  is  bundled  for  shipment  with  three  heavy  wooden  cleats  on  each  side  of  the 
bundle,  securely  fastened  with  band  iron.  Packed,  28  gauge,  10  sheets  ;  26  gauge,  8  sheets  ;  and  24 
gauge,  6  sheets  to  each  bundle. 

In  figuring  the  covering  capacity  of  Self-Sentering,  side  laps  need  not  be  considered,  as  they 
are  provided  for  without  charge,  and  each  sheet  has  a  covering  capacity  of  28  inches  in  width.  End 
laps  must  be  allowed  as  indicated  in  the  specifications. 


TABLES. 

For  ordinary  spans,  Self-Sentering  does  not  require  centering,  but  to  insure 
best  results,  the  spans  shown  in  Table  “A”  following  should  not  be  exceeded 
without  using  temporary  supports  until  the  concrete  has  set. 

TABLE  “A” 


SLAB  THICKNESSES 


Gauge 

in. 

2  in. 

2Vi  in. 

3  in. 

3V2  in. 

28 

3  ft.  8  in. 

3  ft.  3  in , 

3  ft.  0  in. 

2  ft.  9  in. 

2  ft.  6  in. 

26 

4  ft.  0  in. 

3  ft.  6  in. 

3  ft.  3  in. 

3  ft.  0  in. 

2  ft.  9  in. 

24 

4  ft.  6  in. 

4  ft.  0  in. 

3  ft.  8  in. 

3  ft.  4  in. 

3  ft.  0  in. 

The  following  load  tables  show  safe  live  loads,  and  in  using  these  tables,  the 
dead  load  need  not  be  taken  into  further  consideration.  To  get  the  total  safe  load, 
add  to  the  figures  shown,  12  lbs.  for  each  inch  in  thickness  of  the  slab,  plus  6  lbs. 
per  square  foot  for  the  undercoating  of  Blaster.  For  instance,  a  2-inch  slab  would 
weigh  2  times  12  equals  24  plus  6  equals  30  lbs.  per  square  foot;  thus  a  2-inch  slab 
reinforced  with  24  guage  Self-Sentering  on  a  4-foot  span  is  good  for  a  live  load  of 
258  lbs.  per  square  foot,  or  a  total  safe  load  of  258  lbs.  plus  30  lbs.,  which  equals 
288  lbs.  per  square  foot. 

The  slab  thickness  as  shown,  in  every  instance,  is  considered  as  above  the  base 
of  the  Self-Sentering,  and  the  plastered  coat  underneath  is  not  included  in  the 
computation. 


TABLE  “B” 

Safe  Superimposed  Loads  per  square  foot  on  Self-Sentering  Slabs. 
Assumptions  : 

Stress  in  Steel — 16,000  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

Extreme  fiber  stress  of  concrete — 800  lbs.  per  square  inch. 
Ratio  between  Moduli  of  Elasticity — 15. 


Gauge 

Thick¬ 
ness 
of  Slab 

SPAN 

3  ft. 

4  ft. 

5  ft. 

6  ft. 

7  ft. 

8  ft. 

9  ft.  10  ft. 

28  Self-Sentering 

li  in. 

204 

113 

74 

26  “ 

l|  in. 

238 

132 

79 

24  “ 

IJ  in. 

305 

160 

95 

28  “ 

2  in. 

310 

164 

98 

61 

26  •“ 

2  in. 

359 

192 

128 

92 

49 

24  “ 

2  in. 

476 

258 

166 

no 

64 

28  “ 

2J  in. 

419 

233 

150 

93 

57 

26  “ 

2J  in. 

484 

279 

188 

119 

76 

50 

24  “ 

2J  in. 

651 

377 

263 

171 

114 

79 

28  “ 

3  in. 

561 

311 

184 

114 

73 

45 

26  “ 

3  in. 

863 

386 

231 

147 

97 

64 

24  “ 

3  in. 

938 

512 

322 

210 

143 

100 

69  47 

28  “ 

3J  in. 

694 

368 

218 

135 

80 

50 

26  “ 

3|  in. 

850 

455 

274 

174 

115 

76 

50 

24  “ 

3J  in. 

1140 

620 

380 

248 

169 

118 

83  58 

PAGE  31 


Tenn  Metal  Company 


TYPICAL  SELF-SENTERING  ROOF  CONSTRUCTION. 


“SELF-SENTERING”  FOR  ROOFS 


SELF-SENTERING  permits  of  the  use  of  a  concrete  roof  with 
any  type  of  building.  The  sheets  are  merely  laid  over  the  roof 
purlins,  attached  to  them  by  clips  or  staples.  Self-Sentering 
acts  as  both  form  and  reinforcing,  and  the  concrete  is  applied 
direct  to  the  required  thickness,  only  enough  passing  through  the 
mesh  to  thoroughly  imbed  the  steel  in  the  concrete.  The  under  side 
is  then  plastered  with  cement  mortar,  and  your  roof  is  complete, 
ready  for  such  waterproofing  as  you  may  desire. 


Economy  in  the  construction  of  such  a  roof  is  effected  : 

First,  because  no  forms  or  centering  are  required.  The  heavy  ribs  give  ample  rigidity  to  support  the  weight  of  the  wet 
concrete. 

Second,  because  the  large  sheets  permit  the  rapid  erection  of  such  a  roof  with  a  minimum  of  labor  expense.  These  same  large 
sheets  require  the  fewest  possible  laps,  and  this  also  increases  labor  efficiency 

Third,  because  the  slabs  need  be  but  2  inches  in  thickness,  cutting  the  dead  load  in  half  as  compared  with  the  ordinary  concrete 
roof.  This  is  not  only  a  saving  in  labor  and  material  on  the  roof  itself,  but  very  often  permits  the  use  of  much  lighter  supporting 
framing. 


FOR  FLOORS  The  concrete  floor  has  proven  itself  the  most  enduring  type,  and  as  in  roof  work,  its  only  objection  has  been 
— high  cost  and  excessive  weight.  Through  the  advent  of  Self-Sentering,  by  means  of  which  the  most  expen¬ 
sive  part  of  such  work— form  work — has  been  eliminated,  the  cost  has  been  reduced  to  compare  very  favorably  with  any  other  type.  The 
use  of  the  lighter  slabs  required  by  Self-Sentering  has  cut  the  weight  to  a  minimum,  and  yet  the  strength  of  these  floors  is  unquestioned. 
There  is  no  danger  from  failure  due  to  premature  removal  of  forms;  as  Self-Sentering,  acting  as  both  form  and  reinforcement,  is  always 
in  place.' 

ARCHED  FLOORS.  For  extra  heavy  loads,  Self- 

-  Sentering  permits  a  very 

economical  application  of  the  arched  slab.  The  sheets  are  curved 


at  our  factory,  at  a  slight  charge,  to  any  desired  radius  and  they 
are  as  easily  and  quickly  applied  as  in  flat  slab  work.  Note  the 
saving  in  form  work— and  every  builder  recognizes  the  expense  of 
centering — not  only  in  the  slab  itself;  but  where  used  with  concrete 
beams,  only  the  bottom  boards  for  beam  boxes  are  required. 


PAGE  32 


201  'Dc'Vonshire  Street,  "Boston,  Mass. 


FOR  CEILINGS. 

For  fireproof  ceiling  work  wherever  suspended  ceilings  are  re¬ 
quired,  or  where  beams  or  other  supports  are  too  far  apart  to  permit 
the  use  of  metal  lath  without  cross  furring,  Self-Sentering  offers 
an  economical  type  of  construction.  In  this  capacity,  it  acts  as  both 
lath  and  furring — the  heavy  ribs  taking  the  place  of  small  channels 
or  angles  necessary  with  metal  lath  and  the  diamond  mesh  connecting 
fabric  forming  a  perfect  plastering  surface.  The  Self-Sentering  is 
merely  secured  by  clips  or  wiring  to  all  beams  or  hangers  at  each 
heavy  rib,  these  supports  being  spaced  from  3  to  5  feet  on  cen¬ 
ters,  depending  on  the  gauge  of  Self- Sentering  used.  Due  to  the 
close  spacing  (3i  inches  center  to  center)  of  the  Self- Sentering  ribs, 
an  unusually  firm  surface  is  afforded  for  the  plastering,  and  the 
necessary  strength  is  developed  to  support  this  heavy  load. 

In  addition  to  the  added  strength  given  to  such  a  ceiling  by 
reason  of  the  closely  spaced  ribs,  the  saving  in  both  time  and  material 
effected  by  the  elimination  of  all  furring,  and  the  labor  entailed  in  its 
application,  is  a  very  material  consideration.  Under  circumstances 
as  outlined  above,  this  is  the  simplest  and  most  economical  form  of 
fireproof  ceiling. 

SHOWING  UNDER  SIDE  SELF-SENTERING  ROOF  AND  SELF-SENTERING  CEILING. 

Curtain  Wall  Specifications. 


Self- Sentering  shall  be  used  as  a  reinforcement  for  all  exterior  curtain  walls.  Gauges  to 
be  used  as  indicated  in  the  following  table  ; 


Spacing  of  Supports 

Wall  Thickness 

Trussit  Gauge 

Self-Sentering  Gauge 

6  in. 

If  in. 

27 

28 

8  in. 

2  in. 

26 

28 

10  in. 

2j  in. 

26 

26 

12  in. 

24  in. 

24 

26 

Where  supports  are  more  than  6  feet  apart,  temporary  bracing  shall  be  provided  on  2-ft. 
centers  to  give  a  firm  plastering  surface  until  one  side  has  been  plastered. 

Sheets  to  be  securely  fastened  to  columns  and  other  permanent  supports  at  intervals  not 
to  exceed  Yj  inches,  the  corrugations  running  in  the  direction  of  the  shortest  spans. 

Where  structural  supports  are  used,  Trussit  or  Self-Sentering  shall  be  attached  by  special 
clips  (which  can  be  secured  from  manufacturers)  or  by  wiring;  if  of  wood,  staples  shall  be 
used  ;  if  of  reinforced  concrete,  any  method  shown  in  the  details  herewith  can  be  used. 

Side  selvedge  edges  of  all  sheets  shall  be  securely  interlocked  and  wired  together  with 
No.  16  gauge  tie  wire  at  intervals  not  to  exceed  one  foot.  Where  Self-Sentering  is  used, 
these  laps  may  be  secured  by  clinching  with  a  special  punch.  The  ends  of  the  sheet  should 
lap  6  inches  if  laps  occur  between  supports,  and  not  less  than  1  inch  if  over  supports.  Laps 
between  supports  must  be  properly  staggered. 


PAGE  33 


Venn  Metal  Company^ 


U.  S.  Naval  Hospital,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.— 41,000  sq.  ft.  Penco  Expanded  Metal  in  floors. 
Penco  Metal  Lath  used  in  ceilings. 


Slab  Tables. 

The  following  tables  give  the  safe  live  load,  in  pounds  per  square 
foot,  for  stone  concrete  slabs,  reinforced  with  different  weights  of 
Expanded  Metal,  on  spans  ranging  from  four  feet  to  twelve  feet  by 
steps  of  six  inches,  and  for  slabs  varying  in  thickness  by  half-inches 
from  three  inches  to  eight  inches. 

Above  each  table  is  noted  the  style  of  Expanded  Metal  upon  which 
the  table  is  based.  The  sectional  area  of  the  reinforcement  per  foot  of 
width,  and  the  weight  of  the  reinforcement  per  square  foot,  are  found 
by  reference  to  the  table  on  the  preceding  page. 

In  order  to  keep  within  the  shear  and  deflection  limits,  we  have 
omitted  heavy  loads  which  would  cause  shear,  and  loads  on  long  spans 
which  would  cause  excessive  deflection. 

The  stresses  flgured  for  the  steel  in  tension,  and  concrete  in  com¬ 
pression  and  in  shear,  are  indicated  above  the  tables.  The  concrete  is 
considered  in  these  tables  as  offering  no  tensile  resistance. 

Stress  of  Steel  in  Tension,  16,000  lbs.  per  sq.  in.  Extreme  Fiber 
Stress  of  Concrete  in  Compression  800  lbs.  per  sq.  in.  Concrete  in 
Shear  not  over  60  lbs.  per  sq.  in.  Ratio  of  Moduli  of  Elasticity  taken 
as  15.  Straight  line  Formula.  Bending  Monument  one-twelfth  WL. 


SLAB  TABLE  No.  1.  3  inch  No.  10  Expanded  Metal,  (Styel  “G”) 


Slab 

SDaa 

4*0" 

4>b" 

yb" 

b'Cr* 

b  ’b" 

7*cr' 

7>b" 

tj»cr 

9'cr' 

9<fa" 

10*0' 

10»b’' 

11*  (7’ 

11  *6” 

I2»(r 

y 

343 

240 

188 

148 

119 

98 

78 

83 

3#' 

390 

298 

234 

188 

150 

121 

99 

61 

88 

53 

4- 

4^8 

359 

262 

224 

181 

147 

120 

98 

81 

88 

54 

44 

35 

4^ 

540 

447 

327 

261 

210 

172 

140 

115 

95 

78 

63 

51 

41 

32 

25 

5' 

t)l6 

475 

374 

298 

241 

197 

161 

133 

no 

90 

74 

bo 

49 

38 

30 

22 

54" 

b92 

532 

418 

334 

270 

221 

181 

190 

123 

101 

83 

88 

58 

44 

34 

2b 

if 

764 

568 

484 

370 

300 

245 

201 

Ifab 

137 

113 

93 

78 

b2 

50 

39 

29 

21 

ix'S' 

852 

657 

517 

415 

3^ 

274 

228 

187 

154 

128 

105 

CD 

-0 

71 

57 

45 

35 

25 

T 

926 

715 

584 

451 

386 

299 

248 

204 

189 

140 

115 

95 

78 

83 

50 

38 

28 

1005 

774 

610 

488 

398 

324 

287 

221 

184 

152 

126 

I64 

CD 

89 

55 

43 

32 

&■  1 1089 

833 

881 

529 

430 

290 

Li4L 

200 

ibb 

138 

113 

83 

zL 

bl 

SL 

35 

SLAB  TABLE  No.  2.  3  inch  No.  10  Expanded  Metal,  (Style  “H”) 


SUb 

Span 

4*0" 

4 'fa" 

ycr 

5-8" 

fa'O" 

7*cr 

7'8" 

ti*CF’ 

8  ■8" 

9'CT' 

9.8" 

10 'O' 

10 '8" 

11*0’ 

ii'a- 

I2*(r 

T 

477 

988 

293 

235 

192 

159 

132 

no 

■a- 

593 

459 

^5 

294 

240 

199 

188 

139 

117 

100 

4- 

709 

548 

438 

352 

288 

238 

200 

187 

141 

119 

101 

88 

73 

4lr 

828 

8^ 

509 

411 

377 

279 

234 

197 

Ifab 

141 

120 

102 

87 

74 

83 

T 

945 

732 

583 

471 

388 

320 

268 

228 

191 

183 

138 

118 

101 

68 

73 

b2 

52 

1062 

823 

658 

530 

435 

361 

302 

255 

21b 

184 

157 

134 

115 

98 

83 

70 

59 

b" 

1179 

914 

729 

589 

484 

402 

3^ 

284 

241 

209 

175 

150 

128 

110 

94 

79 

87 

8f 

1295 

1004 

600 

847 

532 

442 

370 

512 

285 

22b 

193 

188 

142 

121 

104 

88 

75 

r 

1411 

1095 

872 

705 

580 

4S2 

4fl4 

341 

290 

247 

211 

182 

155 

133 

114 

97 

82 

•Hr 

1528 

1185 

945 

784 

829 

523 

438 

770 

314 

288 

230 

198 

189 

145 

124 

lob 

90 

jm. 

1017 

623 

877 

,172 

399 

333 

289 

24B 

Liii. 

A2L 

115 

-31 

SLAB  TABLE  No.  3.  3  inch  No.  10  Expanded  Metal,  (Style  “J”) 


Slab 

Si 

pan 

4-0" 

4'fa" 

yT 

5'b" 

fa»Cf' 

fa  ♦fa" 

7*0' 

7 -8" 

0*0" 

9'a' 

9'8" 

10*0' 

10 'fa- 

11*0’ 

11  *6" 

12*0" 

7’ 

7^0 

614 

A3l 

7)7 

328 

273 

230 

195 

168 

142 

4" 

948 

735 

988 

477 

394 

528 

277 

234 

200 

172 

I4B 

12s 

111 

4i’ 

1104 

858 

887 

557 

480 

fA 

:p4 

275 

236 

202 

174 

152 

131 

114 

99 

T 

1260 

784 

fa3b 

528 

479 

771 

314 

270 

232 

200 

175 

151 

132 

114 

100 

88 

5^’ 

1418 

1103 

883 

717 

593 

495 

418 

355 

305 

282 

227 

198 

171 

150 

130 

114 

99 

if 

1573 

1228 

982 

796 

859 

551. 

485 

798 

34“ 

293 

253 

221 

131 

167 

14b 

128 

111 

1732 

1349 

1082 

878 

728 

807 

513 

477 

774 

323 

279 

244 

211 

189 

ibl 

142 

123 

r 

1892 

H73 

1182 

980 

794 

882 

581 

478 

410 

7A 

308 

287 

232 

204 

177 

158 

138 

Ik' 

2053 

1600 

1283 

1043 

884 

723 

bn 

520 

448 

^5 

333 

2S1 

253 

222 

194 

188 

148 

& 

2214 

1724 

1^3 

1124 

930 

77® 

858 

960 

481 

/19 

359 

^21. 

273 

240 

209 

184 

180 

PAGE  34 


201  'De'Oonshire  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


Penco  Diamond  Mesh  Expanded  Metal 

Reinforcement. 

Penn  Expanded  Metal 

THE  SUPERIORITY  OF  THIS  PRODUCT  CONSISTS  IN  THE  FOLLOWING. 

The  metal  is  not  stretched,  strained  or  weakened.  There  is  no  danger  of  crystalization  of  the  steel.  The  full  strength  of  the  steel. 
The  process  of  manufacture  induces  no  initial  stress  in  the  steel.  It  requires  no  annealing.  It  is  never  brittle.  The  original  thick¬ 
ness  and  sectional  area  are  not  diminished. 

Weight  for  Weight,  Expanded  Metal  has  greater  reinforcing  value  than  any  other  material.  It  has  been  found  to  be  efficient  in 
reinforced  concrete  structures  of  so  many  and  such  varying  types  that  but  brief  mention  need  be  made  of  the  advantages  that  have  been 
demonstrated  in  its  long  continued  and  successful  use. 

Diagonal  strands,  forming  diamond  shaped  mesh,  provide  stress  distribution.  All  the  steel  is  of  value  as  reinforcement,  and  none 
of  it  used  merely  to  space  the  load  carrying  members.  Any  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  mesh  to  elongate  under  stress  and  to  close  up  on 
the  sides,  subjects  the  concrete  to  compression,  and  is  effectually  resisted. 

The  fact  that  Expanded  Metal  is  made  in  sheets  of  convenient  size  reduces  to  a  minimum  the  cost  of  placing  the  steel,  particularly 
in  work  where  it  is  difficult  to  handle  reinforcement  in  large  units.  The  sheets  interlock  when  lapped,  so  that  there  is  effective 
continuity  of  the  reinforcement. 

We  are  prepared  to  name  attractive  prices,  and  to  make  quick  deliveries  of  stock  sizes.  Other  sizes  made  on  special  order. 


Weights,  Sectional  Areas,  and  Standard  Sizes  of  Sheets  Expanded  Metal. 


Size  of  Mesh 

Short  Way 

Nominal  Thickness 
of  Metal 
(Gauge) 

Approximate  Weight 
Per 

Square  Foot 

Net  Sec.  Area 
per  Foot  of  Width 
(in  square  inches) 

Standard  Size  Sheets 

Long  Way  of  Diamond 

Short  Way  of  Diamond 

3  inch 

10 

.51  pounds 

.150 

6  ft.  and  8  ft.  and  10  ft.— 8  in. 

4  ft.  and  7  ft. 

*3  “ 

10 

.6 

<< 

.176 

6  ft.  and  8  ft.  and  10  ft. — 8  in. 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

*3  “ 

10 

.9 

it 

.265 

6  ft.  and  8  ft.  and  10  ft. — 8  in. 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

«3  << 

10 

1.2 

i( 

.353 

6  ft.  and  8  ft.  and  10  ft.  —8  in 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

*3  “ 

16 

.225 

it 

.066 

6  ft.  and  8  ft.  and  10  ft. —8  in. 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

2J  “ 

16 

.3 

i  i 

.088 

8  ft.  and  10  ft. — 8  in. 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

21  “ 

12 

.56 

it 

.164 

8  ft.  and  10  ft. — 8  in. 

4  ft.  and  6  ft. 

n  “ 

12 

.66 

it 

.104 

8  ft. 

3  ft.  and  4  ft.  and  5  ft. 

*  J  << 

13 

.84 

it 

.264 

8  ft. 

3  ft.  and  4  ft.  and  5  ft. 

^Carried  in  Stock  Boston  Warehouse 


PAGE  35 


Term  Metal  Company' 


Here  the  plaster  is  shown 
running  on  to  the  bead  in  a 
narrow  edge  which  cracks 
away  and  breaks  off. 

Results  from  wooden 
rounding  angle  are  certain  to 
cause  a  crack  in  papering, 
while  the  soft  wood  is  liable 
to  be  chipped  or  splintered 
by  moving  furniture. 


o3iiiiiiiiiiiiDiiiiiiiiiiiic3iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiimc3iiiiiiiiiiiiE3iiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiico 

I  Penco  Metal  Corner  'Bead  | 

o]iiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiic]iiiiiiiiiiiic3iiiiiiiiiiiic3iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiico 

A  wall  is  no  stronger  than  its  weakest  point,  which  is  to  say— 

LOOK  TO  YOUR  CORNERS ! 


There  never  was  a  plaster  made  that  could  withstand  the 
wear  and  tear  to  which  the  corner  is  always  subjected,  with¬ 
out  reinforcement. 

Now,  then — 

Is  it  better  to  be  constantly  patching  the  plaster  and  re¬ 
newing  the  decorations,  or  to  take  up  arms  against  a  sea  of 
troubles  and  expense  by  reinforcing  the  corners  with  Penco 
Metal  Corner  Bead  ?  End  it  before  it  begins. 

When  you  can  use  a  metal  corner  for  practically  no  more 
than  the  cost  of  an  all-plaster  corner,  and  by  so  doing  avoid 
future  troubles  and  expense,  there  is  certainly  no  doubt  as  to 
the  advisability  of  specifying  and  demanding  the  use  of 
Penco  Corner  Beads  in  all  structures  of  any  consequence. 

Penco  Metal  Corner  Bead  preserves  the  corners  intact,  and 
in  perfect  condition. 

Penco  Beads  not  only  protect  corners— they  also  act  as  a 
reinforcement  to  the  plaster  itself. 

They  help  to  keep  tenants  happy. 

They  are  an  evidence  of  up-to-date  construction,  and  a 
factor  in  quick  and  profitable  renting. 

They  are  everywhere  used  in  the  finest  modern  structures. 

They  are  endorsed  by  the  leading  authorities. 

They  have  been  a  pronounced  success  from  the  standpoint 
of  both  contractors  and  owners. 

Contractors  prefer  them  to  all  others  because  of  the  ease 
with  which  they  are  installed,  and  the  consequent  economy 
of  time  and  labor. 


No.  1  Penco  Metal  Corner  Bead 
Applied  over  Wire  Lath. 


Penco  Metal  Corners  are  Indestructible, 
forming  a  neat,  attractive  finished  plas¬ 
tered  corner,  at  a  cost  no  greater  than  an 
all-plaster  corner. 


PAGE  36 


201  DenJonshire  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


Penco  Metal  Corner  Bead 


PENCO  METAL  CORNER  BEAD,  when  once  set  in  place,  is 
practically  indestructible.  It  brings  the  plaster  on  the  pro¬ 
jecting  corner  of  the  wall  to  a  sharper  angle. 

PENCO  METAL  BEAD  is  made  to  tie  in  and  protect  the 
softer  plaster.  When  papered  or  painted,  the  wall  does  not 
break  at  the  corner. 

Made  from  heavy  24-gauge  stock,  galvanized. 

PENCO  METAL  BEAD  offers  a  perfect  key  for  plaster. 
Notice  staggered  holes.  Plaster  backs  up  on  under  side  of 
metal,  forming  a  splendid  clinch.  No  waste  of  plaster. 

Holes  in  Penco  Bead  are  placed  near  outer  edge,  thus  bonding 
plaster  where  most  needed. 


Penco  No.  1 
Metal  Corner  Bead 

Applied  over  Brick,  show 
ing  application  of 
special  clip. 


PENCO  NO.  1  METAL  CORNER  BEAD. 

Made  in  lengths— 6,  7,  8,  8J,  9,  10  and  12  feet ;  and  for  plaster 
grounds—!,  f  and  i  inch,  galvanized. 

Weight— 250  lbs.  per  1000  ft. 

Made  from  Hampton  Iron,  guaranteed  from  corrosion. 


Penco  No.  1 

Metal  Corner  Bead 
wired  over 
Brick  or  Terra  Cotta. 


Penco  is  the  only  sheet  metal  bead  furnished  in  12-ft.  lengths. 


PAGE  37 


Venn  Metal  Companj^ 


Penco  No.  4  Metal  Corner  Bead 

Made  from  HAMPTON  IRON  (not  Steel) 


Penco  No.  4  Bull  Nose  Corner  Bead. 


Penco  No.  4  Bull  Nose  Corner  Bead  used  in  Hospitals  and 
Public  Buildings,  makes  a  large  rounded  corner,  and  at  a  cost  much 
less  than  an  all-plaster  corner. 


Penco  No.  2  Metal  Corner  Bead 


Penco  No.  2  Metal 
Corner  Bead 

is  made  for  buildings  where 
there  is  unusual  wear  and 
tear,  such  as  Schoolhouses 
and  Public  Buildings. 


Made  in  lengths— 6,  7,  8, 
82,  9,  10  and  12  feet. 


SHIPPING  WEIGHT 
275  lbs.  1000  feet. 


Penco  No.  3  Metal  Ground  or  Base  Bead 


Showing  Application  of  Penco  No.  3  Metal  Ground  Bead. 


Ground  Beads  for  Special 

Sanitary  Construction. 

The  old  style  jointure 
of  wall  and  floor,  with  its 
cracks  and  ratholes,  made 
it  possible  for  dirt  and 
disease  germs  to  accum¬ 
ulate  in  the  base  board. 
This  is  now  being  super¬ 
seded  by  cement  and 
tile  construction,  with 
rounded  corners  which 
are  easy  to  keep  clean, 
and  where  dirt  cannot 
accumulate. 

The  joint  between  the 
plaster  above  and  the  ce¬ 
ment  or  tile  below,  is 
accomplished  with  a  Pen¬ 
co  Metal  Ground  Bead 
between.  No  cracks  or 
ratholes  for  dirt  and  dis¬ 
ease  germs.  This  con¬ 
struction  is  Non-Shrink¬ 
ing  and  Solid  as  a  Rock. 
Penco  Ground  Bead  is 
made  in  a  number  of 
sizes  to  suit  all  thick¬ 
nesses  of  plaster. 


Penco  Metal  Grounds 

are  made  in  lengths — 6, 
7,  8,  9,  10  and 
12  feet. 


SHIPPING  WEIGHT 
250  lbs.  1000  feet. 


PAGE  38 


201  'De'Oonshire  Street,  'Boston,  Mass. 


PENCO  GALVANIZED  WALL  PLUG. 


Wood  plugs  in  brick  or  stone  walls  are  unsatisfactory. 
They  dry  out,  get  loose,  cause  poor  work,  expense  for 
repairs  and  dissatisfaction. 

Boring  out  mortar  joints  to  insert  wood  plugs  is  ex¬ 
pensive,  unsatisfactory,  and  weakens  the  wall. 

Penco  Wall  Plugs  are  placed  by  the  mason  as  the 
wall  is  laid  up.  The  mortar  forms  a  definite  key  in  the 
plug,  and  it  becomes  a  part  of  the  wall. 

They  are  rust  proof,  never  shrink,  cannot  get  loose, 
and  having  positive  grip  on  the  nail,  make  a  permanent 
fastening. 

Size,  2f  in.  long,  2j  in.  wide.  Length  in  wall,  2i  in. 
Put  up  in  boxes  of  1000  each.  Weight  per  1000,  80  lbs. 


Penco  Galvanized  Wall  Ties. 


Regular  Type 


Size — |  inch  by  7  inches. 
Approximate  weight,  46  pounds  per  1,000. 
Packed  in  wooden  boxes  of  1,000 
Ties  each. 


Veneering  Type 


BULL  DOG  GALVANIZED 
WALL  TIE. 


Made  in  lengths — 7-in.,  9-in.,  12-in. 
No.  10  drawn  steel. 

Cuts  falling  mortar. 

Packed  1000  per  box,  50  lbs.  per  1000. 


Size — |  inch  by  Sj  inches.  ««  i  ^  d  j 

With  one  end  plain  and  punched.  Hunt  Metal  Corner  Bead  furnished  in  No.  1  for  stand- 

Approximate  weight,  37  pounds  per  1,000.  ard  straight  corners. 

Packed  in  wooden  boxes  of  1,000 

Ties  each.  No.  2  Arch  Bead  can  be  bent  to  any  angle  without  cutting. 


Hunt  Metal  Corner  Bead  No.  1. 

Made  in  6,  7,  8,  SVa.  9,  9' a,  10  and  12-f()ot  lengths. 
Special  lengths  up  to  16  feet. 


'Penn  Metal  Companjr 


Pence  Corrugated  Sheets 


Made  with  214-1^4-%  and  3-16  in.  Corrugation.  Carried  in  Stock  at  Boston  in  all  gauges,  for 

immediate  shipment. 


Penco  Metal  Culvert  Pipe,  Smooth  Bottom. 


We  have  received 
a  repeat  order  fiom 
almost  every  town 
where  Penco  Culvert 
had  been  tried  out  be¬ 
fore,  and  a  trial  order 
from  almost  300  towns 
where  they  had  been 
using  something  else. 


Penco  Metal  Ceilings  and  Sidewalls. 

Since  1869  Penco  Ceilings  have  been  the  standard. 

Send  us  the  dimensions  of  the  Store,  Church,  Bank,  School  or  Room  you  wish  to  cover,  and  we  will  gladly  tell  you 

the  cost  of  Metal  Covering. 


Loxon  Tile. 

Made  of  HAMPTON  IRON,  Galvanized. 
Every  sheet  fitted  with  a  clamp  joint  locking  over 
the  nails. 

A  most  valuable  Roofing  or  Siding  made  in  Steel, 
painted  while  for  ceilings,  walls  or  partitions. 

By  its  avoidance  of  any  exposed  parts,  it  will  un¬ 
questionably  outlast  any  similar  product  made. 


Hampton  Iron  Sheets. 

These  sheets  are  specially  processed,  practically 
every  atom  of  impurity  being  removed,  and  then 
heavily  coated  with  virgin  spelter. 

They  carry  with  them  our  guarantee  of  quality  to 
withstand  the  accelerated  acid  test  or  any  lest  to 
which  a  similar  product  can  be  pul. 

Carried  in  Boston  Stock  in  Flat,  28  inches  wide, 
6-7-8-9-10-12  foot  lengths,  26  gauge. 

All  forms  of  Roofing  furnished  in  Hampton  Iron, 
if  desired. 

Used  on  Boston  &  Albany  Shed,  Boston  6c  Maine 
R.  R.  Engine  House,  Boston  Elevated  R.  R  , 
Light,  Heal  6c  Power  Co.  Sheds,  and  many 
others. 


Penco  Metal  Shingles. 

The  higher  type  of  Metal  Roofing  made — has  the  appearance 
of  cut  slate. 


Made  in  2  sizes, 

10  inches  x  14  inches 
14  “  x20  “ 


The  larger  size  being 
specially  adapted  for  laying 
over  old  wood  shingles. 

Manufactured  and  carried 
in  Boston  Stock  in  2  grades 
— Pure  Tin  Plate,  Painted; 
and  Pure  Iron,  Galvanized. 


Can  be  laid  by 
anyone,  only 
tools  necessary 
being  a  pair  of 
Shears  and  a 
Hammer. 


Used  on  build¬ 
ings  of  every 
style  and  nature, 
affording  a  Wa¬ 
ter,  Weather, 
Fire  and  Light¬ 
ning  Proof  Cov¬ 
ering. 


PAGE  40 


■  *“> 


■y" 

t  ?  i 

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